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The open access book aims to show the readers novel, relevant and reproducible power of synergistic collaborations between European research groups and stakeholders with the objective to synthesize the existing knowledge and expertise about fire management and hazard and defining a concerted research agenda that promotes an integrated approach to create fire-resilient landscapes, taking into account biological, biochemical and physical, but also socio-economic, historical, geographical, sociological, perception and policy constraints. This is an urgent societal need due to the expected further intensification and geographical spreading of wildfire regimes under Global Change. Fire has been part of the Earth's System for the last 400 million years, and humans are the sole species that controls and manages fire. We have used fire for over a million years, both, as hunter-gatherers managing the landscape with fire and as farmers using fire as a low-cost, efficient and ecological tool for clearing and maintaining the productivity of the land. Fire has been highlighted as the most influential element in the development of human societies. The increase in prolonged dry and hot periods observed in many regions of the world is exacerbating the risk of fire. The causes of increased fire risk are not only linked to climate change but are also a consequence of economic and social changes and political decisions. Over the past few decades, many countries’ rural areas have seen significant depopulation and a reduction in land management as residents moved to cities or even other countries in search of work. The resulting rural depopulation has led to revegetation of the abandoned agricultural land, which favors fire spread. The enhanced risk of fires is moving beyond the capacity of even the best-funded wildland firefighting teams and therefore calls for the development of new approaches to fire management that are key nowadays at different scales. Instead of focusing primarily on increasing firefighting capabilities, a more effective approach is needed that focuses on long-term fire prevention through vegetation management by reducing fuel load or managing fuel type and fuel continuity at a landscape level. FIRElinks (COST Action CA18135) is developing the EU-spanning network of scientists and practitioners involved in forest fire research and land management with backgrounds such as fire dynamics, fire risk management, fire effects on vegetation, fauna, soil and water and socio-economic, historical, geographical, political perception and land management approaches. Among the different Working Groups, number 5 is aimed to connect communities from different scientific and geographic backgrounds, allowing the discussion of different experiences and the emergence of new approaches to fire research, human management, regional issues and socio-economic aspects. .

Environmental geography. --- Geography. --- Fire ecology. --- Fire prevention. --- Buildings --- Integrated Geography. --- Regional Geography. --- Fire Ecology. --- Fire Science, Hazard Control, Building Safety. --- Protection.

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This book is dedicated to urbanization, which is observed every day, as well as the methods and techniques of monitoring and analyzing this phenomenon. In the 21st century, urbanization has gained momentum, and the awareness of the significance and influence of this phenomenon on our lives make us take a closer look at it not only with curiosity, but also great attention. There are numerous reasons for this, among which the economy is of special significance, but it also has many results, namely, economic, social, and environmental. First of all, it is a spatial phenomenon, as all of the aspects can be placed in space. We would therefore like to draw special attention to the results of urbanization seen on the Earth's surface and in the surrounding space. The urbanization–land relation seems obvious, but is also interesting and multi-layered. The development of science and technology provides a lot of new tools for observing urbanization, as well as the analyses and inference of the phenomenon in space. This book is devoted to in-depth analysis of past, present and future urbanization processes all over the world. We present the latest trends of research that use experience in the widely understood geography of the area. This book is focused on multidisciplinary phenomenon, i.e., urbanization, with the use of the satellite and photogrammetric observation technologies and GIS analyses.

Research & information: general --- footbridge --- urbanization --- functions of pedestrian bridges --- Trabzon --- urban expansion --- concentric-ring analysis --- grid-based analysis --- invers S curve --- Latin America --- transport accessibility --- real estate market --- population --- concentration --- urban sprawl --- land use --- urbanisation --- leapfrog development --- scattered development --- sustainable spatial–traffic planning --- microsimulation traffic modeling --- AHP --- multi-criteria analysis --- sensitivity analysis --- stakeholders’ preferences --- public participation --- Landsat --- CA–Markov model --- SDG 11 --- urban sustainable development --- metropolitan expansion --- per-capita urban area --- per-capita cropland --- land mismatch --- Italy --- Slow City --- small towns --- spatial structure --- sustainable development --- old market square --- historical urban layout --- dynamics of urbanisation --- methods for mapping --- innovation value chain --- Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA) --- innovation efficiency --- urban agglomerations --- land management --- land-use conflicts --- components of space --- spatial analysis --- GIS tools --- Great Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan City Group --- green innovation --- network structure --- unexpected output SBM model --- megaregion --- spatiotemporal patterns --- driving forces --- the Texas Triangle --- land-use change --- metropolitan gradient --- spatial econometrics --- agricultural mechanization --- Mediterranean --- n/a --- sustainable spatial-traffic planning --- stakeholders' preferences --- CA-Markov model --- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA)

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Desertification is one of the most important issues facing our societies because of its serious consequences for human health, landscape and the environment. Nonetheless, the issue has been in the eyes of media, decision makers and public opinion and it should be noted that this interest tends to be cyclical, corresponding to peaks that reflect the outbreak of emergency situations related to prolonged episodes of drought and water scarcity, in turn associated with climate changes. This volatile interest has focused on the relationship between desertification and climate change (and more generally on the biophysical factors underlying desertification), neglecting the important role played by social, economic, cultural, political and institutional factors. This role — brought to the fore by the most recent socioeconomic dynamics at various spatial scales — requires dedicated approaches from the scientific point of view and a less sensationalistic dissemination of research evidence. This book proposes a trans-disciplinary vision on issues of desertification and land degradation, focusing on long-term socio-ecological dynamics as an interpretative key to local systems'complexity.

Desertification --- Control --- Control.

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This book is dedicated to urbanization, which is observed every day, as well as the methods and techniques of monitoring and analyzing this phenomenon. In the 21st century, urbanization has gained momentum, and the awareness of the significance and influence of this phenomenon on our lives make us take a closer look at it not only with curiosity, but also great attention. There are numerous reasons for this, among which the economy is of special significance, but it also has many results, namely, economic, social, and environmental. First of all, it is a spatial phenomenon, as all of the aspects can be placed in space. We would therefore like to draw special attention to the results of urbanization seen on the Earth's surface and in the surrounding space. The urbanization–land relation seems obvious, but is also interesting and multi-layered. The development of science and technology provides a lot of new tools for observing urbanization, as well as the analyses and inference of the phenomenon in space. This book is devoted to in-depth analysis of past, present and future urbanization processes all over the world. We present the latest trends of research that use experience in the widely understood geography of the area. This book is focused on multidisciplinary phenomenon, i.e., urbanization, with the use of the satellite and photogrammetric observation technologies and GIS analyses.

footbridge --- urbanization --- functions of pedestrian bridges --- Trabzon --- urban expansion --- concentric-ring analysis --- grid-based analysis --- invers S curve --- Latin America --- transport accessibility --- real estate market --- population --- concentration --- urban sprawl --- land use --- urbanisation --- leapfrog development --- scattered development --- sustainable spatial–traffic planning --- microsimulation traffic modeling --- AHP --- multi-criteria analysis --- sensitivity analysis --- stakeholders’ preferences --- public participation --- Landsat --- CA–Markov model --- SDG 11 --- urban sustainable development --- metropolitan expansion --- per-capita urban area --- per-capita cropland --- land mismatch --- Italy --- Slow City --- small towns --- spatial structure --- sustainable development --- old market square --- historical urban layout --- dynamics of urbanisation --- methods for mapping --- innovation value chain --- Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA) --- innovation efficiency --- urban agglomerations --- land management --- land-use conflicts --- components of space --- spatial analysis --- GIS tools --- Great Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan City Group --- green innovation --- network structure --- unexpected output SBM model --- megaregion --- spatiotemporal patterns --- driving forces --- the Texas Triangle --- land-use change --- metropolitan gradient --- spatial econometrics --- agricultural mechanization --- Mediterranean --- n/a --- sustainable spatial-traffic planning --- stakeholders' preferences --- CA-Markov model --- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA)

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In the panorama of studies related to the ability of lands to support both natural processes and agricultural production activities, this research introduces a still unexplored or under-studied theme which is that of the relationship between urban sprawl in its various forms and land quality. The first part of the book is dedicated to the motivations and the theoretical premises from which the research originates, connected to the concept of land and those of sustainable urban form. The second part concerns the complex path towards a sustainable use of land, both in terms of institutional and regulatory measures, and in terms of knowledge and understanding of soil degradation processes. This research focuses on the Mediterranean area which is discussed in more detail in the third part. In this part of Europe we try to establish relationships between settlement dynamics and land quality: here fragile ecosystems are diffused both from a biological point of view. physical as well as socio-economic, here we find landscapes that are particularly sensitive to land degradation processes (subject to land degradation, considered the antipodes of land quality) and which in recent decades have been particularly affected by anthropic pressure. In the fourth part, an analysis is presented concerning 76 metropolitan areas representative of southern Europe. The methodology used in this analysis is based on the relationship that exists between soil sealing (or soil waterproofing) and land degradation (or land degradation) aimed at an interpretation, at the metropolitan scale, of how in southern Europe the pattern of Urbanization (compact, dispersive, intermediate) affects the land's ability to support both natural processes and agricultural production activities in a diversified way. In particular, the data on land quality and data on land use were considered together in order to analyze the processes of urban growth and the occupation of productive land for a very large area that includes Greece, France, Italy, Spain, Portugal and some parts of the Adriatic coast. There is still a long way to go, in terms of sharing, integration and definition of strategies aimed at achieving certain targets. A necessary and innovative look towards land quality could help to consider the protection of the soil as a whole, even at the planning level.

Economics --- General ecology and biosociology --- Environmental planning --- Social geography --- Economic geography --- Geography --- ruimtelijke ordening --- economie --- ecologie --- geografie