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331.5 <73> --- Labor market --- -Labor market --- -Skilled labor --- -Subsistance economy --- -Subsistence economy --- -EEC / European Union - EU -Europese Unie - Union Européenne - UE --- US / United States of America - USA - Verenigde Staten - Etats Unis --- 332.691 --- 332.26 --- 332.630 --- 334.151.54 --- 332.620 --- Cost and standard of living --- Economic anthropology --- Poverty --- Labor --- Employees --- Market, Labor --- Supply and demand for labor --- Markets --- 331.5 <73> Arbeidsmarkt. Werkgelegenheid --(algemeen)--Verenigde Staten van Amerika. VSA. USA --- Arbeidsmarkt. Werkgelegenheid --(algemeen)--Verenigde Staten van Amerika. VSA. USA --- Evolutie van de arbeidsmarkt. --- Loonevolutie. --- Strijd tegen de werkloosheid: algemeen. Theorie en beleid van de werkgelegenheid. Volledige werkgelegenheid. --- Werkgelegenheid en werkloosheid in de Europese Gemeenschappen. --- Werkloosheid: algemeenheden. Philipscurve. --- Supply and demand --- Labour market --- United States --- Europe --- Skilled labor --- Subsistence economy --- Marché du travail --- Ouvriers qualifiés --- EEC / European Union - EU -Europese Unie - Union Européenne - UE --- Loonevolutie --- Werkloosheid: algemeenheden. Philipscurve --- Strijd tegen de werkloosheid: algemeen. Theorie en beleid van de werkgelegenheid. Volledige werkgelegenheid --- Evolutie van de arbeidsmarkt --- Werkgelegenheid en werkloosheid in de Europese Gemeenschappen --- Labor market - United States --- Skilled labor - United States --- Subsistence economy - United States --- Labor market - Europe --- Skilled labor - Europe --- Subsistence economy - Europe --- United States of America
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Labour market --- Economic policy and planning (general) --- Labor economics --- Welfare economics --- Comparative economics --- Employment (Economic theory) --- Unemployment --- Labor supply --- Labor market --- Costs --- Mathematical models --- Effect of taxation on --- 331.5 --- 338.22 --- -Labor supply --- -Unemployment --- -Welfare economics --- #SBIB:316.334.2A470 --- #SBIB:316.334.2A310 --- #SBIB:35H435 --- -Labor market --- -331.12 --- Economic policy --- Economics --- Social policy --- Employees --- Market, Labor --- Supply and demand for labor --- Markets --- Labor force --- Labor force participation --- Labor pool --- Work force --- Workforce --- Human capital --- Labor mobility --- Manpower --- Manpower policy --- Joblessness --- Full employment policies --- Right to labor --- Underemployment --- Comparative economic systems --- Economics, Comparative --- Arbeidsmarkt. Werkgelegenheid --(algemeen) --- Economische organisatieleer. Economisch beleid. Economische politiek --- -Mathematical models --- Arbeidssociologie: het sociaal-economisch overheidsbeleid: algemeen --- Arbeidssociologie: arbeidsmarkttheorieën en modellen --- Beleidssectoren: economisch en werkgelegenheidsbeleid --- Supply and demand --- Comparative economics. --- Labor economics. --- Welfare economics. --- Mathematical models. --- 338.22 Economische organisatieleer. Economisch beleid. Economische politiek --- 331.5 Arbeidsmarkt. Werkgelegenheid --(algemeen) --- Employment (Economic theory). --- 331.12 --- Effect of taxation on&delete& --- Costs&delete& --- Unemployment - Costs - Mathematical models --- Labor supply - Effect of taxation on - Mathematical models --- Labor market - Mathematical models
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Karl Marx predicted a world in which technical innovation would increasingly devalue and impoverish workers, but other economists thought the opposite, that it would lead to increased wages and living standards--and the economists were right. Yet in the last three decades, the market economy has been jeopardized by a worrying phenomenon: a rise in wage inequality that has left a substantial portion of the workforce worse off despite the continuing productivity growth enjoyed by the economy. Innovation and Inequality examines why. Studies have firmly established a link between this worrying trend and technical change, in particular the rise of new information technologies. In Innovation and Inequality, Gilles Saint-Paul provides a synthetic theoretical analysis of the most important mechanisms by which technical progress and innovation affect the distribution of income. He discusses the conditions under which skill-biased technical change may reduce the wages of the least skilled, and how improvements in information technology allow "superstars" to increase the scale of their activity at the expense of less talented workers. He shows how the structure of demand changes as the economy becomes wealthier, in ways that may potentially harm the poorest segments of the workforce and economy. An essential text for graduate students and an indispensable resource for researchers, Innovation and Inequality reveals how different categories of workers gain or lose from innovation, and how that gain or loss crucially depends on the nature of the innovation.
Employees --- Labor supply --- Technological innovations. --- Income distribution. --- Personnel, Effets des innovations sur le --- Marché du travail --- Innovations --- Revenu --- Effect of technological innovations on. --- Effets des innovations sur --- Répartition --- Technological innovations --- Income distribution --- Effect of technological innovations on --- Employees - Effect of technological innovations on. --- Employees. --- Labor supply - Effect of technological innovations on. --- Business & Economics --- Labor & Workers' Economics --- 332.621.3 --- 338.043 --- AA / International- internationaal --- -Labor supply --- -Technological innovations --- 338.064 --- Distribution of income --- Income inequality --- Inequality of income --- Distribution (Economic theory) --- Disposable income --- Breakthroughs, Technological --- Innovations, Industrial --- Innovations, Technological --- Technical innovations --- Technological breakthroughs --- Technological change --- Creative ability in technology --- Inventions --- Domestication of technology --- Innovation relay centers --- Research, Industrial --- Technology transfer --- Labor force --- Labor force participation --- Labor pool --- Work force --- Workforce --- Labor market --- Human capital --- Labor mobility --- Manpower --- Manpower policy --- Laborers --- Personnel --- Workers --- Persons --- Industrial relations --- Personnel management --- Technologische werkloosheid. Werkgelegenheid en informatica. --- Technologische vooruitgang. Automatisering. Computers. Werkgelegenheid en informatica. --- Marché du travail --- Répartition --- Technological unemployment --- Technologische werkloosheid. Werkgelegenheid en informatica --- Technologische vooruitgang. Automatisering. Computers. Werkgelegenheid en informatica --- E-books --- Employees - Effect of technological innovations on --- Labor supply - Effect of technological innovations on
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The general assumption that social policy should be utilitarian--that society should be organized to yield the greatest level of welfare--leads inexorably to increased government interventions. Historically, however, the science of economics has advocated limits to these interventions for utilitarian reasons and because of the assumption that people know what is best for themselves. But more recently, behavioral economics has focused on biases and inconsistencies in individual behavior. Based on these developments, governments now prescribe the foods we eat, the apartments we rent, and the composition of our financial portfolios. The Tyranny of Utility takes on this rise of paternalism and its dangers for individual freedoms, and examines how developments in economics and the social sciences are leading to greater government intrusion in our private lives. Gilles Saint-Paul posits that the utilitarian foundations of individual freedom promoted by traditional economics are fundamentally flawed. When combined with developments in social science that view the individual as incapable of making rational and responsible choices, utilitarianism seems to logically call for greater governmental intervention in our lives. Arguing that this cannot be defended on purely instrumental grounds, Saint-Paul calls for individual liberty to be restored as a central value in our society. Exploring how behavioral economics is contributing to the excessive rise of paternalistic interventions, The Tyranny of Utility presents a controversial challenge to the prevailing currents in economic and political discourse.
Welfare economics. --- Utilitarianism. --- Paternalism. --- Public welfare. --- Benevolent institutions --- Poor relief --- Public assistance --- Public charities --- Public relief --- Public welfare --- Public welfare reform --- Relief (Aid) --- Social welfare --- Welfare (Public assistance) --- Welfare reform --- Parentalism --- Government policy --- Human services --- Social service --- Social classes --- Social control --- Social systems --- Economic policy --- Economics --- Social policy --- Ethics --- Hedonism --- Philosophy --- Welfare economics --- Utilitarianism --- Paternalism --- E-books --- 201 --- 305.6 --- 321.2 --- AA / International- internationaal --- Sociologie: algemeenheden --- Risicotheorie, speltheorie. Risicokapitaal. Beslissingsmodellen --- Economisch beleid van de overheid --- Coasian view. --- Freudianism. --- Friedrich Nietzsche. --- Lockean theory. --- Man. --- Pareto improvements. --- Pigovian taxation. --- Postmodernism. --- addictive goods. --- autonomy. --- behavioral biases. --- behavioral economics. --- behavioral issues. --- behavioral problems. --- cognitive capacity. --- competitive markets. --- consistent behavior. --- consistent self. --- divine order. --- economic theory. --- economics. --- externality. --- financial capacity. --- free markets. --- global efficiency. --- government control. --- government intervention. --- government intrusion. --- government involvement. --- happiness. --- incarnations. --- incentives. --- individual freedom. --- individual liberty. --- individual rights. --- individual welfare. --- individual well-being. --- individualistic values. --- intellectual apparatus. --- intellectual safeguard. --- laissez-faire. --- legitimacy of power. --- libertarian paternalism. --- limited government. --- limited liability. --- market interactions. --- markets. --- modern paternalism. --- objective reality. --- paternalism. --- paternalistic governments. --- paternalistic intervention. --- paternalistic interventions. --- paternalistic policies. --- paternalistic state. --- penalties. --- policy prescriptions. --- political economy critique. --- political institutions. --- population distribution. --- post-utilitarian paradigm. --- post-utilitarianism. --- price restrictions. --- psychological phenomena. --- public policy. --- rational phenomena. --- responsibility transfer. --- revealed preferences. --- self-consciousness. --- self-reported happiness. --- sin tax. --- social contract. --- social engineer. --- social planner. --- social preferences. --- social sciences. --- state involvement. --- statistics. --- transactions. --- unique self. --- unitary individual. --- utilitarian social policy. --- utilitarian state. --- utilitarianism. --- utility. --- voluntary transactions. --- welfare.
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Labor market --- Skilled labor --- Subsistence economy --- Business & Economics --- Labor & Workers' Economics --- Cost and standard of living --- Economic anthropology --- Poverty --- Labor
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This paper develops a matching model of the labor market under wage rigidity when hiring decisions are irreversible. There are two types of workers, the skilled and the unskilled. The model is used to analyze whether technological advances may have increased unemployment. It is shown that it is likely to be so if they are associated with an increase in the productivity and/or the supply of skilled workers relative to unskilled workers. These effects are stronger when hiring decisions are more irreversible.
Labor --- Unemployment: Models, Duration, Incidence, and Job Search --- Demand and Supply of Labor: General --- Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure --- Professional Labor Markets --- Occupational Licensing --- Labour --- income economics --- Unemployment rate --- Unemployment --- Labor markets --- Labor force --- Unskilled labor --- Labor market --- Income economics
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We develop a model to analyze the implications of firing costs on incentives for R & D and international specialization. The key idea is that, to avoid paying firing costs, the country with a rigid labor market will tend to produce relatively secure goods, at a late stage of their product life cycle. Under international trade, an international product cycle emerges where, roughly, new goods are first produced in the low firing cost country and then move to the high firing cost country. We show that in the closed economy, an increase in firing costs does not necessarily imply a reduction in R & D; it crucially depends on the riskiness of R & D activity relative to production activity. In the open economy, however, an increase in firing cost is much more likely to reduce R & D intensity.
Labor --- Macroeconomics --- Taxation --- Industries: General --- Employment --- Unemployment --- Wages --- Intergenerational Income Distribution --- Aggregate Human Capital --- Aggregate Labor Productivity --- Labor Economics: General --- Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs: General --- Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue: General --- Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure --- Models of Trade with Imperfect Competition and Scale Economies --- Trade: Forecasting and Simulation --- Nonwage Labor Costs and Benefits --- Private Pensions --- Industrial Organization: General --- Labour --- income economics --- Public finance & taxation --- Tax incentives --- Labor force --- Industrial sector --- Economic sectors --- Economic theory --- Labor economics --- Labor market --- Industries --- United States --- Income economics
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The distributional effects of the minimum wage are analyzed in a model where skilled and unskilled labor enter the production function. It is argued that distributional goals are best achieved by letting the labor market clear and achieving redistribution through taxes and transfers.
Aggregate Factor Income Distribution --- Demand and Supply of Labor: General --- Income distribution --- Income economics --- Income inequality --- Income --- Labor market --- Labor markets --- Labor --- Labour --- Macroeconomics --- Minimum wage --- Minimum wages --- Mobility, Unemployment, and Vacancies: Public Policy --- National accounts --- Policy Coordination --- Policy Designs and Consistency --- Policy Objectives --- Unemployment --- Unemployment: Models, Duration, Incidence, and Job Search --- Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs: Public Policy --- United Kingdom
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"Pendant les années 1970 et 1980, la théorie des fluctuations a connu une véritable révolution, sous l'impulsion de la critique du modèle keynésien développée par les tenants des anticipations rationnelles. Cette révolution a entraîné une reconstruction de l'approche keynésienne qui fonde la macroéconomie moderne. Les travaux essentiels de la littérature économique de cette période sont bien souvent ignorés dans les cursus actuels. Pourtant, leur importance historique est considérable et les idées et les méthodes qu'ils ont apportées gardent toute leur pertinence. Ils sont abordés ici de manière critique et pédagogique. Ce manuel reprend le cours de première année de l'ENS Ulm consacré aux fluctuations macroéconomiques. Nous nous adressons aux étudiants en économie désireux de se préparer à des études plus poussées (M1 et M2) en approfondissant leur maîtrise des concepts et méthodes fondateurs de l'analyse moderne du cycle, ainsi qu'aux étudiants des filières scientifiques curieux de s'initier à une discipline avec laquelle leur bagage devrait leur permettre de se familiariser aisément."
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