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Foreign trade policy --- Middle East

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The path towards Arab and Euro-Mediterranean integration is challenging for all countries involved but the potential long term benefits are substantial. Multilateral trade initiatives which run parallel to "open" regional integration with the European Union and among Arab states can generate higher economic growth by promoting free trade in goods, services and assets between developed and developing countries. However these agreements have profound implications for Arab states in the region raising old and new issues in the political economy of regional co-operation and development. The body of evidence presented suggests that if these regional trade arrangements combined, allow for "deeper" forms of integration, competitiveness and cohesion can improve well beyond the Eastern and Southern borders of the EU. Poverty reduction through economic growth is becoming a more urgent shared objective at this time of crisis and represents another potential long term benefit from deeper Euro-Med and Arab integration. In negotiating free trade agreements the EU must therefore strive to make such agreements as equitable as possible; in implementing them, partner countries must focus reform efforts to ensure their efficacy. Arab and Euro-Mediterranean integration can ideally maximise benefits for all countries involved, in spite of signficant legal, institutional and administrative hurdles that will have to be overcome to make such relationships workable.The new issues examined in this book (the dynamics of open regionalism, the expansion of domestic markets from increased FDI and monetary stability, and the optimal mix of regional trade agreements) build on conclusions from previous studies regarding modest gains from shallow integration. Deeper regional agreements can be good for growth and stability in a region which has experienced very little of both in recent years.

Foreign trade policy --- International economic relations --- European Union --- Mediterranean countries --- Arab states

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• Tariffs still matter. • Full tariff liberalisation to 2010 would generate dynamic welfare gains of $1 200 billion (at 1995 prices), equivalent to 3 per cent of World GDP in 2010, from greater efficiency and higher productivity. • Developing countries stand to gain relatively more from multilateral tariff liberalisation, with aggregate gains amounting to nearly 5 per cent of their GDP in 2010. • The next WTO round will provide an opportunity for members to improve their living standards. Realising this potential, however, poses a major policy challenge to developing countries.

Development

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Les droits de douane : une question toujours d'actualité. • Une libéralisation totale des droits de douane d'ici à 2010 - entraînant des progrès dans l'efficacité et la productivité - se traduirait par des gains de bien-être de l'ordre de 1 200 milliards de dollars (aux prix de 1995), soit 3 pour cent du PIB mondial en 2010. • Les pays en développement pourraient sans doute retirer de la libéralisation multilatérale des droits de douane des avantages relativement plus importants que les pays de l'OCDE, le gain global représentant près de 5 pour cent de leur PIB en 2010. • Les prochaines négociations de l'OMC permettront aux pays participants d'améliorer leur niveau de vie. Toutefois, pour les pays en développement, recueillir les avantages d'une telle libéralisation sera un véritable défi politique.

Developing Countries.

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Les droits de douane : une question toujours d'actualité. • Une libéralisation totale des droits de douane d'ici à 2010 - entraînant des progrès dans l'efficacité et la productivité - se traduirait par des gains de bien-être de l'ordre de 1 200 milliards de dollars (aux prix de 1995), soit 3 pour cent du PIB mondial en 2010. • Les pays en développement pourraient sans doute retirer de la libéralisation multilatérale des droits de douane des avantages relativement plus importants que les pays de l'OCDE, le gain global représentant près de 5 pour cent de leur PIB en 2010. • Les prochaines négociations de l'OMC permettront aux pays participants d'améliorer leur niveau de vie. Toutefois, pour les pays en développement, recueillir les avantages d'une telle libéralisation sera un véritable défi politique.

Developing Countries.