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Bevolkingspolitiek --- Demografisch beleid --- Demografische politiek --- Distribution of income --- Dénatalité --- Développement économique --- Economic development --- Economic growth --- Economische ontwikkeling --- Emigratie en immigratie --- Emigration and immigration --- Fertility [Human ] --- Fertilité humaine --- Fécondité humaine --- Homme -- Migrations --- Human fertility --- Immigratie --- Immigration --- Immigration et émigration --- Income distribution --- Inequality of income --- Inkomens--Ongelijkheid --- Inkomens--Verdeling --- Inkomensongelijkheid --- Inkomensverdeling --- Insurance, social --- International migration --- Internationale migratie --- Inégalité des revenus --- Menselijke vruchtbaarheid --- Migratie [Internationale ] --- Migration [International ] --- Migration internationale --- Migrations internationales --- Mobilité internationale --- Mouvements migratoires --- Natality --- Natalité --- Politique démographique --- Population policy --- Revenus--Inégalité --- Revenus--Répartition --- Répartition des revenus --- Social security --- Sociale zekerheid --- Sécurité sociale --- Vruchtbaarheid [Menselijke ] --- Émigration --- Émigration et immigration --- Fertility, Human --- 314 <082> --- 314.17:33 --- Income distribution. --- AA / International- internationaal --- 311.0 --- 311.2 --- 311.81 --- 311.90 --- Insurance, Social --- Insurance, State and compulsory --- Social insurance --- Insurance --- Income maintenance programs --- Population planning --- Social policy --- Income inequality --- Distribution (Economic theory) --- Disposable income --- Demography --- Human reproduction --- Infertility --- Migration, International --- Population geography --- Assimilation (Sociology) --- Colonization --- Development, Economic --- Growth, Economic --- Economic policy --- Economics --- Statics and dynamics (Social sciences) --- Development economics --- Resource curse --- Demografie. Bevolkingsleer--Feestbundels. Festschriften --- Bevolkingseconomie. Economische demografie --- Demografie. Algemene fenomenen: algemeenheden. --- Geboorte en geboortebeperking. --- Groei en vermindering van de bevolking. Economische theorie van de groeiende en afnemende bevolking. --- Spreiding en samenstelling van de bevolking: algemeenheden. --- 314.17:33 Bevolkingseconomie. Economische demografie --- 314 <082> Demografie. Bevolkingsleer--Feestbundels. Festschriften --- Demografie. Algemene fenomenen: algemeenheden --- Geboorte en geboortebeperking --- Groei en vermindering van de bevolking. Economische theorie van de groeiende en afnemende bevolking --- Spreiding en samenstelling van de bevolking: algemeenheden --- Social Security --- Emigration and Immigration --- Economic development.

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The paper provides an overview of the role of the fiscal imbalances and the ensuing public debt in explaining major episodes in Israel’s recent economic developments. The main conclusions from the Israeli budgetary developments may have more general validity: (a) deficits lead to inflation and stopping inflation requires elimination of deficits; (b) a major effect of inflation is a large shift of the tax burden from capital to labor; and (c) shocks to labor supply, such as massive labor inflow through immigration, can be absorbed without worsening government finances, when the labor and the housing markets are sufficiently flexible.

Aggregate Factor Income Distribution --- Debt Management --- Debt --- Debts, Public --- Deflation --- General Aggregative Models: General --- Government debt management --- Income --- Inflation --- Macroeconomics --- Money and Interest Rates: General --- National accounts --- Price Level --- Prices --- Public debt --- Public finance & taxation --- Public Finance --- Public financial management (PFM) --- Sovereign Debt --- Tax administration and procedure --- Tax incidence --- Tax policy --- Taxation --- Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue: General --- Israel

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The implication of increasing dependency ratios for pay-as-you-go, defined-benefit pension programs are examined. Modifications aimed at smoothing contributions while maintaining benefits intact are analyzed for both open and closed economies.

Labor --- Macroeconomics --- Money and Monetary Policy --- Public Finance --- Social Security and Public Pensions --- Nonwage Labor Costs and Benefits --- Private Pensions --- Labor Economics: General --- Monetary Systems --- Standards --- Regimes --- Government and the Monetary System --- Payment Systems --- Retirement --- Retirement Policies --- Pensions --- Labour --- income economics --- Monetary economics --- Pension spending --- Currencies --- Expenditure --- Money --- Labor economics --- Chile --- Income economics

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Migration. Refugees

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Migration. Refugees