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Pendant la colonisation française, des dizaines de milliers d'enfants sont nés d'« Européens » et d'« indigènes ». Souvent illégitimes, non reconnus puis abandonnés par leur père, ces métis furent perçus comme un danger parce que leur existence brouillait la frontière entre « citoyens » et « sujets » au fondement de l'ordre colonial. Leur situation a pourtant varié : invisibles en Algérie, ils ont été au centre des préoccupations en Indochine. La « question métisse » a également été posée à Madagascar, en Afrique et en Nouvelle-Calédonie. Retraçant l'histoire oubliée de ces enfants de la colonie, cet ouvrage révèle une face cachée, mais fondamentale, de l'histoire de l'appartenance nationale en France : il montre comment les tentatives d'assimilation des métis ont culminé, à la fin des années 1920, avec des décrets reconnaissant la citoyenneté à ceux qui pouvaient prouver leur « race française ». Aux colonies, la nation se découvrait sous les traits d'une race. Cette législation bouleversa le destin de milliers d'individus, passant soudainement de la sujétion à la citoyenneté : ainsi, en Indochine, en 1954, 4 500 enfants furent séparés de leur mère et « rapatriés » en tant que Français. Surtout, elle introduisait la race en droit français, comme critère d'appartenance à la nation. Cela oblige à revoir le « modèle républicain » de la citoyenneté, fondé sur la figure d'un individu abstrait, adhérant volontaire à un projet politique commun et à souligner les liens entre filiation, nationalité et race. (Cette édition numérique reprend, à l'identique, l'édition originale de 2007.)
France --- Colonies --- History. --- Multiracial people --- Miscegenation (Racist theory)
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ETATS-UNIS --- UNIVERSITES --- MULTICULTURALISME
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Europe's imperial projects were often predicated on a series of legal and scientific distinctions that were frequently challenged by the reality of social and sexual interactions between the colonized and the colonizers.When Emmanuelle Saada discovered a 1928 decree defining the status of persons of mixed parentage born in French Indochina-the métis-she found not only a remarkable artifact of colonial rule, but a legal bombshell that introduced race into French law for the first time. The decree was the culmination of a decades-long effort to resolve the "métis question": the educational, social, and civil issues surrounding the mixed population. Operating at the intersection of history, anthropology, and law, Empire's Children reveals the unacknowledged but central role of race in the definition of French nationality. Through extensive archival work in both France and Vietnam, and a close reading of primary and secondary material from the Pacific islands and sub-Saharan and North Africa, Saada has created in Empire's Children an original and compelling perspective on colonialism, law, race, and culture from the end of the nineteenth century until decolonization.
Racially mixed people --- Citizenship --- Miscegenation --- Bi-racial people --- Biracial people --- Interracial people --- Mixed race people --- Mixed-racial people --- Mulattoes --- Multiracial people --- Peoples of mixed descent --- Ethnic groups --- Hybridity of races --- Racial amalgamation --- Racial crossing --- Race relations --- Birthright citizenship --- Citizenship (International law) --- National citizenship --- Nationality (Citizenship) --- Political science --- Public law --- Allegiance --- Civics --- Domicile --- Political rights --- Colonies --- History. --- Legal status, laws, etc. --- Law and legislation --- France --- Bro-C'hall --- Fa-kuo --- Fa-lan-hsi --- Faguo --- Falanxi --- Falanxi Gongheguo --- Faransā --- Farānsah --- França --- Francia (Republic) --- Francija --- Francja --- Francland --- Francuska --- Franis --- Franḳraykh --- Frankreich --- Frankrig --- Frankrijk --- Frankrike --- Frankryk --- Fransa --- Fransa Respublikası --- Franse --- Franse Republiek --- Frant︠s︡ --- Frant︠s︡ Uls --- Frant︠s︡ii︠a︡ --- Frantsuzskai︠a︡ Rėspublika --- Frantsyi︠a︡ --- Franza --- French Republic --- Frencisc Cynewīse --- Frenska republika --- Furansu --- Furansu Kyōwakoku --- Gallia --- Gallia (Republic) --- Gallikē Dēmokratia --- Hyãsia --- Parancis --- Peurancih --- Phransiya --- Pransiya --- Pransya --- Prantsusmaa --- Pʻŭrangsŭ --- Ranska --- República Francesa --- Republica Franzesa --- Republika Francuska --- Republiḳah ha-Tsarfatit --- Republikang Pranses --- République française --- Tsarfat --- Tsorfat --- Γαλλική Δημοκρατία --- Γαλλία --- Франц --- Франц Улс --- Французская Рэспубліка --- Францыя --- Франция --- Френска република --- פראנקרייך --- צרפת --- רפובליקה הצרפתית --- فرانسه --- فرنسا --- フランス --- フランス共和国 --- 法国 --- 法蘭西 --- 法蘭西共和國 --- 프랑스 --- France (Provisional government, 1944-1946) --- Ethnic relations --- race, citizenship, colonies, france, french indochina, metis, interracial, mixed-race, parentage, vietnam, classification, empire, imperialism, colonialism, sexuality, law, history, anthropology, nationality, africa, pacific islands, paternity, identity, illegitimacy, abandonment, children, native, subjects, state power, colonial rule, nonfiction, filiation, family, orphanages, categorization, repatriation, decolonization. --- Miscegenation (Racist theory)
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Pendant la colonisation française, des dizaines de milliers d'enfants sont nés d'" Européens " et d'" indigènes ". Souvent illégitimes, non reconnus puis abandonnés par leur père, ces métis furent perçus comme un danger parce que leur existence brouillait la frontière entre " citoyens " et " sujets " au fondement de l'ordre colonial. Leur situation a pourtant varié : invisibles en Algérie, ils ont été au centre des préoccupations en Indochine. La " question métisse " a également été posée à Madagascar, en Afrique et en Nouvelle-Calédonie. Retraçant l'histoire oubliée de ces enfants de la colonie, cet ouvrage révèle une face cachée, mais fondamentale, de l'histoire de l'appartenance nationale en France : il montre comment les tentatives d'assimilation des métis ont culminé, à la fin des années 1920, avec des décrets reconnaissant la citoyenneté à ceux qui pouvaient prouver leur " race française ". Aux colonies, la nation se découvrait sous les traits d'une race. Cette législation bouleversa le destin de milliers d'individus, passant soudainement de la sujétion à la citoyenneté : ainsi, en Indochine, en 1954, 4 500 enfants furent séparés de leur mère et " rapatriés " en tant que Français. Surtout, elle introduisait la race en droit français, comme critère d'appartenance à la nation. Cela oblige à revoir le " modèle républicain " de la citoyenneté, fondé sur la figure d'un individu abstrait, adhérent volontaire à un projet politique commun et à souligner les liens entre filiation, nationalité et race.
Racially mixed people --- Miscegenation --- Métis --- Métissage --- Colonies --- History --- Histoire --- France --- History. --- Hybridity of races --- Racial amalgamation --- Racial crossing --- Race relations --- Bi-racial people --- Biracial people --- Interracial people --- Mixed race people --- Mixed-racial people --- Mulattoes --- Multiracial people --- Peoples of mixed descent --- Ethnic groups --- Métis --- Métissage --- Colonies&delete& --- Nationalité --- Citoyenneté --- Statut juridique --- Miscegenation (Racist theory)
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Emotions --- Civilization --- Personality and culture --- Civilization. --- Personality and culture. --- Gefühl. --- Zivilisation. --- Zivilisationsprozess. --- Begriffsgeschichte. --- Social aspects. --- History --- 1800 - 1899. --- Asia. --- Europe. --- Asien. --- Europa. --- Civilization and personality --- Culture and personality --- Culture --- Ethnopsychology --- Barbarism --- Civilisation --- Auxiliary sciences of history --- World Decade for Cultural Development, 1988-1997 --- 1800-1899. --- History of civilization --- Philosophy and psychology of culture --- Asia --- Europe --- Social aspects
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The achievements of the democratic constitutional order have long been associated with the sovereign nation-state. Civic nationalist assumptions hold that social solidarity and social plurality are compatible, offering a path to guarantees of individual rights, social justice, and tolerance for minority voices. Yet today, challenges to the liberal-democratic sovereign nation-state are proliferating on all levels, from multinational corporations and international institutions to populist nationalisms and revanchist ethnic and religious movements. Many critics see the nation-state itself as a tool of racial and economic exclusion and repression. What other options are available for managing pluralism, fostering self-government, furthering social justice, and defending equality?In this interdisciplinary volume, a group of prominent international scholars considers alternative political formations to the nation-state and their ability to preserve and expand the achievements of democratic constitutionalism in the twenty-first century. The book considers four different principles of organization—federation, subsidiarity, status group legal pluralism, and transnational corporate autonomy—contrasts them with the unitary and centralized nation-state, and inquires into their capacity to deal with deep societal differences. In essays that examine empire, indigenous struggles, corporate institutions, forms of federalism, and the complexities of political secularism, anthropologists, historians, legal scholars, political scientists, and sociologists remind us that the sovereign nation-state is not inevitable and that multinational and federal states need not privilege a particular group. Forms of Pluralism and Democratic Constitutionalism helps us answer the crucial question of whether any of the alternatives might be better suited to core democratic principles.
Cultural pluralism --- Multiculturalism --- Political aspects --- Political aspects
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