Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Mathematical linguistics --- Orthography --- Written communication --- Data processing --- Written communication - Data processing

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

For millennia humans have used visible marks to communicate information. Modern examples of conventional graphical symbols include written language, and non-linguistic symbol systems such as mathematical symbology or traffic signs. The latter kinds of symbols convey information without reference to language. This book presents the first systematic study of graphical symbol systems, including a history of graphical symbols from the Paleolithic onwards, a taxonomy of non-linguistic systems – systems that are not tied to spoken language – and a survey of more than 25 such systems. One important feature of many non-linguistic systems is that, as in written language, symbols may be combined into complex “messages” if the information the system represents is itself complex. To illustrate, the author presents an in-depth comparison of two systems that had very similar functions, but very different structure: European heraldry and Japanese kamon. Writing first appeared in Mesopotamia about 5,000 years ago and is believed to have evolved from a previous non-linguistic accounting system. The exact mechanism is unknown, but crucial was the discovery that symbols can represent the sounds of words, not just the meanings. The book presents a novel neurologically-inspired hypothesis that writing evolved in an institutional context in which symbols were “dictated”, thus driving an association between symbol and sound, and provides a computational simulation to support this hypothesis. The author further discusses some common fallacies about writing and non-linguistic systems, and how these relate to widely cited claims about statistical “evidence” for one or another system being writing. The book ends with some thoughts about the future of graphical symbol systems. The intended audience includes students, researchers, lecturers, professionals and scientists from fields like Natural Language Processing, Machine Learning, Archaeology and Semiotics, as well as general readers interested in language and/or writing systems and symbol systems. Richard Sproat is a Research Scientist at Google working on Deep Learning. He has a long-standing interest in writing systems and other graphical symbol systems.

Natural language processing (Computer science). --- Machine learning. --- Digital humanities. --- Social sciences --- Computational linguistics. --- Computer simulation. --- Natural Language Processing (NLP). --- Machine Learning. --- Digital Humanities. --- Computer Application in Social and Behavioral Sciences. --- Computational Linguistics. --- Computer Modelling. --- Data processing. --- Learning, Machine --- Artificial intelligence --- Machine theory --- NLP (Computer science) --- Electronic data processing --- Human-computer interaction --- Semantic computing --- Computer modeling --- Computer models --- Modeling, Computer --- Models, Computer --- Simulation, Computer --- Electromechanical analogies --- Mathematical models --- Simulation methods --- Model-integrated computing --- Automatic language processing --- Language and languages --- Language data processing --- Linguistics --- Natural language processing (Linguistics) --- Applied linguistics --- Cross-language information retrieval --- Mathematical linguistics --- Multilingual computing --- Humanities --- Data processing

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Artificial intelligence. Robotics. Simulation. Graphics --- Grammar --- Mathematical linguistics --- Computational linguistics --- Grammar, Comparative and general --- Comparative grammar --- Grammar, Philosophical --- Grammar, Universal --- Language and languages --- Philosophical grammar --- Linguistics --- Philology --- Automatic language processing --- Language data processing --- Natural language processing (Linguistics) --- Applied linguistics --- Cross-language information retrieval --- Multilingual computing --- Morphology&delete& --- Data processing --- Syntax&delete& --- Grammar, Comparative --- Morphology --- Syntax

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This book traces the history of language technology from writing - the first technology specifically designed for language - to digital speech and other contemporary language systems. The book describes the social impact of technological developments over five millennia, and addresses topics such as the ways in which literacy has influenced cognitive and scientific development; the social impact of modern speech technology; the influence of various printingtechnologies; the uses and limitations of machine translation; how far mass information access is a means for exploitation or enlightenment; the deciphering of ancient scripts; and technical aids for people with language disabilities.Richard Sproat writes in a clear, readable style, introducing linguistic and other scientific concepts as they are needed. His book offers fascinating reading for everyone interested in how language and technology have shaped and continue to shape our day-to-day lives.

Computational Linguistics --- Sociolinguistics --- Computers --- Language Arts & Disciplines --- Computational linguistics. --- Sociolinguistics.

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

The authors provide a critical and practical guide to computational techniques for handling morphological and syntactic phenomena, showing how these techniques have been used and modified in practice.

Computational linguistics. --- Grammar, Comparative and general --- Comparative grammar --- Grammar --- Grammar, Philosophical --- Grammar, Universal --- Language and languages --- Philosophical grammar --- Linguistics --- Philology --- Automatic language processing --- Language data processing --- Natural language processing (Linguistics) --- Applied linguistics --- Cross-language information retrieval --- Mathematical linguistics --- Multilingual computing --- Morphology --- Data processing. --- Syntax --- Grammar, Comparative --- Data processing