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dissertation (2)


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Dissertation
In search of vocational personality: A psychometric evaluation of the rating scale version of the BasicProfileScreen
Authors: --- ---
Year: 2015 Publisher: Leuven : KU Leuven. Faculteit Psychologie en Pedagogische Wetenschappen

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Abstract

Research indicates that an appropriate match between person and job leads to numerous beneficial outcomes, such as a reduced risk on burnout, increased job satisfaction and job performance. The BasicProfileScreen (BPS) is a vocational personality questionnaire, constructed with the specific aim of assisting organizations in employee selection and coaching job seekers in vocational choices by assessing nine vocational personality traits and matching personality profiles with job requirements.To date, little is known of the psychometric properties of the BPS. The goal of the current study is to fill this gap by assessing the psychometric properties of the rating scale version of the BPS. In particular, we will evaluate the reliability of the BPS, by computing a lower bound to reliability and the test-retest reliability of the BPS scales. Further, convergent validity will be assessed by verifying predicted correlations between BPS scales and the scales of six other questionnaires. Finally, in order to assess the construct validity of the BPS, a principal component analysis (PCA) will be conducted. Lower bound to reliability, test-retest reliability and validity estimates of the empirical scales, resulting from the PCA, will be calculated as well. In general, participants were recruited via email and facebook. First-year psychology students were recruited as well, in exchange for course credits. Data were collected by submitting two questionnaires to the participants across a time frame of six to seven months. The first part of data collection consisted of an online questionnaire containing the BPS and six other questionnaires relevant for calculating the convergent validity of the BPS. Participants who completed the first questionnaire were invited by email to fill out the second online questionnaire containing the BPS.The current study yields first evidence for an adequate reliability and convergent validity of the theoretical scales of the BPS. The principal component analysis yields evidence for only six principal components while the theoretical assumptions underlying the BPS assume the existence of nine principal components. The reliability and convergent validity of the principal component scales can be interpreted as good. The current study should be considered as a first step in the validation process of the rating scale version of the BPS. Further research can focus on a thorough item analysis and item adaptation and can conduct a confirmatory factor analysis to verify current principal component structure. Application of the rating scale version of the BPS in vocational settings can be based upon matching observed BPS personality profiles (patterns of scale scores) with reference BPS personality profiles. Thus, conducting a profile analysis can be considered as an important second part of the validation process of the BPS.

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Dissertation
Attentional Bias and Similarity: the effect of depressive symptoms
Authors: --- --- ---
Year: 2019 Publisher: Leuven KU Leuven. Faculteit Psychologie en Pedagogische Wetenschappen

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Abstract

It is hypothesized that in processing emotional information, biases play a big part in starting and maintaining depressive symptoms. Cognitive models were built on this theory, which could assume that people with depression will display negative biases in overall information-processing. However, research concerning the process of attention in depression resulted in inconsistencies. There are still many uncertainties regarding the attentional biases in depression. Current study researched whether there are differences in selective attention between a group with an induced depressive mood and a control group. Similar to a 1997 study by Niedenthal and Halberstadt, a multidimensional scaling analysis was used to assess the attentional weights that sad and neutral-emotion participants gave to emotional and non-emotional dimensions of face stimuli in judgements of similarity. In addition to the similarity task, questionnaires were taken, which enabled us to examine the current mood, as well as a possible association of the attention bias with the traits of brooding and neuroticism. However, our results could not confirm previous findings. Against expectations, no evidence was found for differences between depressive and neutral-emotion participants in attentional bias towards angry or happy faces. Furthermore, there was no evidence found for any connection between the traits brooding and neuroticism and the attentional weight given to emotional dimensions of face stimuli. These results seem to indicate the absence of an attentional bias within sad individuals, as well as no influence of particular personality traits, but these should be interpreted in the light of the limitations this study came across.

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