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John Milton - heretic, defender of the Cromwellian regicides, epic poet - holds a crucial strategic position on the intellectual and ideological map of literary studies. In this provocative and liberating study, John P. Rumrich contends that contemporary critics, despite differences in methodology, have contributed to the invention of a monolithic or institutional Milton, as censorious preacher, aggressive misogynist, and champion of the emerging bourgeoisie. Rumrich reveals the pressures that have shaped this current critical orthodoxy, and exposes the historical inaccuracies and logical inconsistencies that sustain it. Through analysis of Milton's poetry and prose, and consideration of the historical forces that informed Milton's writing, Rumrich argues instead for a more complex Milton who was able to accommodate uncertainty and doubt.

Literature and history --- Historicism. --- History --- Philosophy --- Milton, John, --- Milṭan, Jān, --- Milʹton, Dzhon, --- Милтон, Джон, --- Miltūn, Zhūn, --- Miltonus, Joannes, --- J. M. --- M., J. --- Milʹton, Īoann, --- Milton, Gioanni, --- Milton, Giovanni, --- מילטאן, יאהאן --- מילטאן, יוחנן --- מילטון, ג׳והן --- מלטן, יוחנן --- Criticism and interpretation --- History. --- Political and social views. --- Arts and Humanities --- Literature

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Seventeenth-century England teemed with speculation on body and its relation to soul. Descartes' dualist certainty was countered by materialisms, whether mechanist or vitalist. The most important and distinctive literary reflection of this ferment is John Milton's vitalist or animist materialism, which underwrites the cosmic worlds of Paradise Lost. In a time of philosophical upheaval and innovation, Milton and an unusual collection of fascinating and diverse contemporary writers, including John Donne, Margaret Cavendish, John Bunyan, and Hester Pulter, addressed the potency of the body, now viewed not as a drag on the immaterial soul or a site of embarrassment but as an occasion for heroic striving and a vehicle of transcendence. This collection addresses embodiment in relation to the immortal longings of early modern writers, variously abetted by the new science, print culture, and the Copernican upheaval of the heavens.

Death. --- Mortality in literature. --- Death in literature. --- Death --- Dying --- End of life --- Life --- Terminal care --- Terminally ill --- Thanatology --- Philosophy --- Milton, John, --- Milṭan, Jān, --- Milʹton, Dzhon, --- Милтон, Джон, --- Miltūn, Zhūn, --- Miltonus, Joannes, --- J. M. --- M., J. --- Milʹton, Īoann, --- Milton, Gioanni, --- Milton, Giovanni, --- מילטאן, יאהאן --- מילטאן, יוחנן --- מילטון, ג׳והן --- מלטן, יוחנן --- Criticism and interpretation.

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It is distinctly paradoxical that John Milton - who opposed infant baptism, supported regicide, defended divorce and approved of polygamy - should be heard as a voice of orthodoxy. Yet modern scholarship has often understated or explained away his heretical opinions. This volume investigates aspects of Milton's works inconsistent with conventional beliefs, whether in terms of seventeenth-century theology or the common assumptions of Milton scholars. Contributors situate Milton and his writings within his specific historical circumstances, paying special attention to Milton's pragmatic position within seventeenth-century religious controversy. The volume's four sections deal with heretical theology, heresy's consequences, heresy and community, and readers of heresy; their common premise is that Milton, as poet, thinker and public servant, eschewed set beliefs and regarded indeterminacy and uncertainty as fundamental to human existence. Winner of the 1999 Milton Society of America Irene Samuel Memorial Award.

Christian heresies in literature. --- Christian heresies --- Christian literature, English --- Heresies, Christian --- Heresies, Christian, in literature. --- Heresy in literature. --- Theology --- History --- History and criticism. --- Milton, John, --- Religion. --- England --- Church history

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Physiology: reproduction & development. Ages of life --- Thematology --- Milton, John