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The impact of genomics on biomedical research and the development of efficient technology platforms allowing for highly parallel compound synthesis and screening procedures have led to a major paradigm shift in drug discovery and development. Efficient tools for the selection and validation of drug targets both at the preclinical and clinical level are required. Non-invasive imaging and in particular molecular imaging methods are becoming essential technologies to support drug discovery and dvelopment. Imaging provides structural, functional, metabolic and molecular readouts that are being applied to characterize a disease phenotype (diagnosis), to elucidate molecular mechanisms involved, to evaluate drug efficacy and safety, and to identify potential biomarkers of the drug's mechanism-of-action, efficacy and safety. Non-invasive imaging techniques constitute a bridge between preclinical and clinical drug evaluation. In this monograph the contribution of imaging modalities to the various stages of drug discovery and development, from early target validation to their use in clinical development programs, is described. Chapters are devoted to the description of the drug discovery process as such, to the various imaging modalities being used both preclinically and clinically, to applications of imaging during the optimization of a lead compound (addressing issues such as bioavailability and efficacy) and during the drug safety evaluation. A chapter describes imaging biomarkers, their development, advantages and the potential pitfalls associated with their use. In the translation of imaging tools from animals to man regulatory issues have to be addressed, which are dealt with in a separate section. The monograph provides a comprehensive overview on the role of imaging in drug discovery today and discusses major developments and trends both with regard to technologies and applications.

Drug development. --- Drugs --- Testing. --- Research --- Methodology. --- Medicaments --- Medications --- Medicine (Drugs) --- Medicines (Drugs) --- Pharmaceuticals --- Prescription drugs --- Bioactive compounds --- Medical supplies --- Pharmacopoeias --- Chemotherapy --- Materia medica --- Pharmacology --- Pharmacy --- Clinical drug trials --- Clinical trials of drugs --- Drug bioscreening --- Drug trials --- Clinical pharmacology --- Drug development --- Development of drugs --- New drug development --- Clinical trials --- Effectiveness --- Testing --- Evaluation --- Development --- Radiology, Medical. --- Imaging / Radiology. --- Control, Robotics, Mechatronics. --- Clinical radiology --- Radiology, Medical --- Radiology (Medicine) --- Medical physics --- Radiology. --- Control engineering. --- Robotics. --- Mechatronics. --- Mechanical engineering --- Microelectronics --- Microelectromechanical systems --- Automation --- Machine theory --- Control engineering --- Control equipment --- Control theory --- Engineering instruments --- Programmable controllers --- Radiological physics --- Physics --- Radiation

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Physical methods for diagnosis --- radiologie --- medische beeldvorming

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Immunology. Immunopathology --- Physiology of the respiratory system --- Human physiology --- immunologie --- pneumologie --- fysiologie

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Based on the 38th annual conference of the International Society on Oxygen Transport to Tissue (ISOTT), held in Ascona, Switzerland in July 2010, this volume covers all aspects of oxygen transport from air to the cells, organs and organisms; instrumentation and methods to sense oxygen and clinical evidence. It covers near infrared spectroscopy, brain oxygenation, tumor biology, angiogenesis and mitochondrial metabolism, systems modeling, gas transport, hypoxic adaptation and exercise physiology. Emphasis is placed on methods of oxygen measurement in living tissue and application of these technologies to understanding physiological and biological bases for pathology related to tissue oxygenation. This multidisciplinary volume includes contributions from scientists (physicists, biologists and chemists), engineers, clinicians and mathematicians.

Immunology. Immunopathology --- Physiology of the respiratory system --- Human physiology --- immunologie --- pneumologie --- fysiologie