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The Routledge Handbook of Minorities in the Middle East gathers a diverse team of international scholars, each of whom provides unique expertise into the status and prospects of minority populations in the region. The dramatic events of the past decade, from the Arab Spring protests to the rise of the Islamic state, have brought the status of these populations onto centre stage. The overturn of various long-term autocratic governments in states such as Tunisia, Egypt, Libya, and Yemen, and the ongoing threat to government stability in Syria, Iraq, and Lebanon have all contributed to a new assertion of majoritarian politics amid demands for democratization and regime change. In the midst of the dramatic changes and latent armed conflict, minority populations have been targeted, marginalized, and victimized. Calls for social and political change have led many to contemplate the ways in which citizenship and governance may be changed to accommodate minorities – or indeed if such change is possible.At a time when the survival of minority populations and the utility of the label minority has been challenged, this handbook answers the following set of research questions.What are the unique challenges of minority populations in the Middle East? How do minority populations integrate into their host societies, both as a function of their own internal choices, and as a response to majoritarian consensus on their status? Finally, given their inherent challenges, and the vast, sweeping changes that have taken place in the region over the past decade, what is the future of these minority populations? What impact have minority populations had on their societies, and to what extent will they remain prominent actors in their respective settings?This handbook presents leading-edge research on a wide variety of religious, ethnic, and other minority populations.　By reclaiming the notion of minorities in Middle Eastern settings, we seek to highlight the agency of minority communities in defining their past, present, and future.

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Ce treizième volume de la Correspondance générale contient plus de 400 lettres écrites au cours des années 1823–1824. 1823 marque une pause dans la carrière politique active de Benjamin Constant, suite à sa défaite électorale de novembre 1822. Il se dédie alors au parachèvement du premier tome de De la religion, avant de retourner à la vie politique en février 1824, à la toute fin du règne de Louis XVIII, en tant que Député de la Seine. The 13th volume of the Correspondance générale contains over 400 letters dating from 1823 and 1824. 1823 marks a pause in Constant's active political career, he focuses instead on putting the finishing touches to the 1st published volume of De la religion.

Constant, Benjamin, --- Benjamin Constant. --- France / Restauration. --- French literary history. --- letters.

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Ce douzième volume de la Correspondance générale comprend plus de 400 lettres écrites au cours des années 1821-1822, époque où Constant déploie une intense activité parlementaire et journalistique. Ses discours et articles sont peu appréciés par le gouvernement et, en août 1822, il se voit impliqué dans les suites de l'affaire du général Berton : accusé de complicité, il se défend contre ses accusateurs, mais sera condamné à des peines d'amende. Il subit en novembre un échec électoral, sans que son activité de publiciste ne faiblisse pour autant. Son éloignement de la Chambre des députés lui permet même de reprendre son travail sur d'autres projets, notamment la suite de son Commentaire sur l'ouvrage de Filangieri (dont la première partie date de mars 1821) et son grand ouvrage De la religion, dont le premier volume sera publié en 1824. Le présent volume, comme les précédents, constitue un précieux document sur la vie intellectuelle et politique de l'époque ainsi que sur les rapports de Constant avec ses amis et sa famille. The twelfth volume of the Correspondance générale comprises more than 400 letters written in 1821-1822, two years of intense parliamentary and journalistic activity for Constant. Like the previous volumes, it offers unique insights into the intellectual and political life of the time, as well as into Constant's relationships with his friends and family.

Benjamin Constant. --- Constant. --- Frankreich. --- French History. --- French Literary History. --- Geschichte. --- Constant, Benjamin, --- Benjamin Constant. --- French History. --- French Literary History.

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This critical edition presents the work of Benjamin Constant, author, religious historian and political thinker, in all its uniqueness and diversity. It includes the author's voluminous correspondence. The Collected Works comprise two series, the first containing his works, the second his correspondence. Both series are arranged chronologically. Each volume includes chronological surveys, surveys, a bibliography and an index.

Benjamin Constant. --- France. --- Restorations (political). --- letters.

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This Festschrift was published in honor of Joshua Guttman on the occasion of his 66.66 birthday. The impact of his work is reflected in the 23 contributions enclosed in this volume. Joshua's most influential and enduring contribution to the field has been the development of the strand space formalism for analyzing cryptographic protocols. It is one of several "symbolic approaches" to security protocol analysis in which the underlying details of cryptographic primitives are abstracted away, allowing a focus on potential flaws in the communication patterns between participants. His attention to the underlying logic of strand spaces has also allowed him to merge domain-specific reasoning about protocols with general purpose, first-order logical theories. The identification of clear principles in a domain paves the way to automated reasoning, and Joshua has been a leader in the development and distribution of several tools for security analysis.

Programming --- Computer. Automation --- cryptografie --- informatica --- computerbeveiliging