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This book suggests how high levels of corruption limit investment and growth can lead to ineffective government. Developing countries and those making a transition from socialism are particularly at risk, but corruption is a worldwide phenomenon. Corruption creates economic inefficiencies and inequities, but reforms are possible to reduce the material benefits from payoffs. Corruption is not just an economic problem, however; it is also intertwined with politics. Reform may require changes in both constitutional structures and the underlying relationship of the market and the state. Effective reform cannot occur unless both the international community and domestic political leaders support change. No single 'blueprint' is possible, but the primary goal should be to reduce the gains from paying and receiving bribes, not simply to remove 'bad apples'.

Public administration --- Public economics --- Political corruption --- Economic aspects --- Political corruption. --- Economic aspects. --- -364.1323 --- Boss rule --- Corruption (in politics) --- Graft in politics --- Malversation --- Political scandals --- Politics, Practical --- Corruption --- Misconduct in office --- Corrupt practices --- Business, Economy and Management --- Economics --- Political corruption - Economic aspects --- POLITICAL CORRUPTION --- BLANCHIMENT D'ARGENT / DE CAPITAUX --- COUT DU CRIME --- CORRUPTION --- ECONOMIE --- ECONOMIC ASPECTS --- CRIME

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The countries of Central Europe in the first round for admission to the European Union have all established constitutional, electoral democracies and market economies. However, much remains to be done to achieve fully consolidated democratic states. This study documents the weaknesses of public oversight and participation in policymaking in Hungary and Poland, two of the most advanced countries in the region. It discusses five alternative routes to accountability including European Union oversight, constitutional institutions such as presidents and courts, devolution to lower-level governments, the use of neo-corporatist bodies, and open-ended participation rights. It urges more emphasis on the fifth option, public participation. Case studies of the environmental movement in Hungary and of student groups in Poland illustrate these general points. The book reviews the United States' experience of open-ended public participation and draws some lessons for the transition countries from the strengths and weaknesses of the American system.

Economic order --- Poland --- Hungary --- Democratisering. --- Verantwoordingsplicht. --- Politieke participatie. --- Beleidsvorming. --- Democratie. --- Political participation --- Transparency in government --- Democracy --- Participation politique --- Transparence (Sciences sociales) --- Démocratie --- 4.430. --- 4.450. --- #SBIB:328H272 --- #SBIB:328H274 --- Instellingen en beleid: Hongarije --- Instellingen en beleid: Polen --- Démocratie --- Government in the sunshine --- Open government (Transparency in government) --- Openness in government --- Sunshine, Government in the --- Transparence in government --- Public administration --- Citizen participation --- Community action --- Community involvement --- Community participation --- Involvement, Community --- Mass political behavior --- Participation, Citizen --- Participation, Community --- Participation, Political --- Political activity --- Political behavior --- Political rights --- Social participation --- Political activists --- Politics, Practical --- Social Sciences --- Political Science --- Political participation - Hungary --- Transparency in government - Hungary --- Democracy - Hungary --- Political participation - Poland --- Transparency in government - Poland --- Democracy - Poland --- Transparency (Ethics) in government

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Political corruption --- Economic aspects --- #SBIB:044.IO --- #SBIB:35H52 --- corruption --- Ethiek van bestuur en beleid --- corruptie --- Boss rule --- Corruption (in politics) --- Graft in politics --- Malversation --- Political scandals --- Politics, Practical --- Corruption --- Misconduct in office --- Corrupt practices --- Political corruption - Economic aspects

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"The question of how much rule-making authority a legislature can delegate to executive bureaus and agencies has recently become a source of controversy. Conservatives, who wish to limit the regulatory reach of the executive branch, advocate what Susan Rose-Ackerman calls a "transmission-belt" model, in which all relevant policy decisions are contained in the enabling statute, and the executive agency simply carries them out. The opposite approach is something she calls "chain of legitimacy," in which the legislature, by creating an agency and giving it a broad mandate, explicitly authorizes it to create policy. There are other models as well, but none, she argues, is a good fit with the needs of regulating in the public interest. Using a cross-national comparison of public policymaking in the United States, France, Britain and Germany, Rose-Ackerman argues that public participation must take a greater role in policymaking if regulatory legitimacy is to be preserved"--

Executive power --- Policy sciences --- Comparative government --- Policy-making --- Policymaking --- Public policy management --- Emergency powers --- Power, Executive --- Presidents --- Political science --- Implied powers (Constitutional law) --- Separation of powers --- Powers --- Comparative political systems --- Comparative politics --- Government, Comparative --- Political systems, Comparative --- #SBIB:35H410 --- #SBIB:35H501 --- #SBIB:324H40 --- #SBIB:324H50 --- #SBIB:35H6010 --- #SBIB:35H6030 --- Beleidscyclus: algemene werken --- Bestuur en samenleving: netwerken, inspraak, participatie, interactief beleid --- Politieke structuren: algemeen --- Politieke participatie en legitimiteit (referenda, directe democratie, publieke opinie...) --- Bestuur en beleid: nationale en regionale studies: West-Europa: algemeen --- Bestuur en beleid: nationale en regionale studies: Verenigde Staten --- Executive power. --- Pouvoir exécutif. --- Policy sciences. --- Sciences de la politique. --- Comparative government. --- Institutions politiques comparées. --- Democracy --- Démocratie --- Legislative oversight --- Contrôle parlementaire --- Compatrative law --- Droit comparé --- Pouvoir exécutif. --- Techniques de décision en politique. --- Science politique --- Public law. --- Democracy. --- Droit public. --- Démocratie.

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Administrative agencies --- Administrative law --- Courts --- Deregulation --- Judicial review --- Policy sciences --- Progressivism (United States politics) --- Social choice --- United States --- Economic policy