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This book constitutes a key reference on the use of algae in the BFs production field; providing an updated outlook on the achievements accomplished thus far and transmitting a prospective view for this biotechnological application. This book provides a detailed description of the technology as well as an updated outlook of the strides achieved thus far in the field of algae-based biopharmaceuticals. Algae constitute attractive expression hosts for the production of recombinant proteins with medical applications. Among the features that make them attractive candidates are: low cost, fast growth, wide biosynthetic capacity, and absence of human pathogens; which constitute substantial advantages with respect to bacterial and mammalian systems. First, the features of algae as convenient hosts for the production of BFs are analyzed in terms of production costs, biosynthetic capacity, and safety (Chapter 1). Second, the genetic engineering tools for algae-species are described. Nuclear and chloroplast-based expression approaches are analyzed and compared in terms of biosynthetic advantages, gene expression complexity, and DNA transfer approaches (Chapter 2). In the following sections, chapters 3 to 7, the state of the art on producing distinct types of BFs in algae species is presented. Although this book is mainly focused on BFs, considering that the production of compounds with health-promoting properties are achieved using genetically-engineered algae strains, chapter 8 deals with nutraceuticals. In the ninth chapter, the developments reported thus far are placed in perspective and challenges for the field are discussed. Critical future prospects comprise the following: optimizing large-scale production in bioreactors, implementing glycoengineering approaches, optimizing nuclear expression, exploring new approaches for oral delivery, and implementing regulatory frameworks to accomplish technology transfer and regulatory approval of algae-made BFs.

Life sciences. --- Pharmaceutical technology. --- Aquatic ecology. --- Plant anatomy. --- Plant development. --- Plant breeding. --- Life Sciences. --- Plant Breeding/Biotechnology. --- Freshwater & Marine Ecology. --- Pharmaceutical Sciences/Technology. --- Plant Anatomy/Development. --- Biopharmaceutics. --- Algae --- Biotechnology. --- Pharmacology --- Pharmacy --- Aquatic biology. --- Botany --- Plant structure --- Plants --- Structural botany --- Vegetable anatomy --- Anatomy --- Pharmaceutical laboratory techniques --- Pharmaceutical laboratory technology --- Technology, Pharmaceutical --- Technology --- Hydrobiology --- Water biology --- Aquatic sciences --- Biology --- Crops --- Agriculture --- Breeding --- Structure --- Aquatic ecology . --- Development of plants --- Plant development --- Developmental biology --- Growth (Plants) --- Aquatic biology --- Ecology --- Ontogeny

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This book constitutes a key reference on the use of algae in the BFs production field; providing an updated outlook on the achievements accomplished thus far and transmitting a prospective view for this biotechnological application. This book provides a detailed description of the technology as well as an updated outlook of the strides achieved thus far in the field of algae-based biopharmaceuticals. Algae constitute attractive expression hosts for the production of recombinant proteins with medical applications. Among the features that make them attractive candidates are: low cost, fast growth, wide biosynthetic capacity, and absence of human pathogens; which constitute substantial advantages with respect to bacterial and mammalian systems. First, the features of algae as convenient hosts for the production of BFs are analyzed in terms of production costs, biosynthetic capacity, and safety (Chapter 1). Second, the genetic engineering tools for algae-species are described. Nuclear and chloroplast-based expression approaches are analyzed and compared in terms of biosynthetic advantages, gene expression complexity, and DNA transfer approaches (Chapter 2). In the following sections, chapters 3 to 7, the state of the art on producing distinct types of BFs in algae species is presented. Although this book is mainly focused on BFs, considering that the production of compounds with health-promoting properties are achieved using genetically-engineered algae strains, chapter 8 deals with nutraceuticals. In the ninth chapter, the developments reported thus far are placed in perspective and challenges for the field are discussed. Critical future prospects comprise the following: optimizing large-scale production in bioreactors, implementing glycoengineering approaches, optimizing nuclear expression, exploring new approaches for oral delivery, and implementing regulatory frameworks to accomplish technology transfer and regulatory approval of algae-made BFs.

Hydrobiology --- General ecology and biosociology --- Biology --- Plant physiology. Plant biophysics --- Phytomorphology. Phytoanatomy --- Botany --- Pharmacology. Therapy --- Water supply. Water treatment. Water pollution --- Agriculture. Animal husbandry. Hunting. Fishery --- Biotechnology --- systematische plantkunde --- plantenfysiologie --- bioreactoren --- algen --- aquacultuur --- farmacologie --- biogeneesmiddelen --- biologie --- bevolking --- waterverontreiniging --- biotechnologie --- gentherapie --- ecologie --- planten --- waterbeheer

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This book highlights key findings generated during the past years from the main disciplines that constitute Physical Virology, from theoretical physics and simulations to material sciences and vaccines development to structural biology. Each chapter is written by world-class scientists from these areas and is a comprehensive review of where this field stands, as well as the future of Physical Virology. The diversity in the formal training of these scientists results in solving common problems using very distinct approaches, which can produce surprising findings. The multi- and interdisciplinary nature of this field has created a remarkable community that aims at understanding how viruses work and how they can be used in material sciences, chemistry, and biomedicine. Furthermore, the development of Physical Virology has resulted in technological advances that have shaped other fields; for example, it would be impossible to think about the development of Cryo-EM to solve the structure of complex viruses with atomic resolution without the contribution of scientists that created the field of Physical Virology. In the past decade, there has been a great success in the generation of viral systems that can encapsulate drugs, non-viral genetic material, or nanoparticles, as well as in the chemical and genetical modification of virions. Without any doubt in the immediate future, some of these technologies will jump from the bench to the market, creating a revolution in translational and biomedical sciences. The book provides key perspectives for the field, derived from expert´s opinions.

Virology. --- Biophysics. --- Biomolecules. --- Physical biochemistry. --- Macromolecules. --- Biomechanics. --- Biology --- Genetic engineering. --- Structural Biology. --- Molecular Biophysics. --- Gene Delivery. --- Technique.

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