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Analyse de la position de Guillaume d'Ockham, défenseur du nominalisme, sur les définitions réelles et par conséquent sur la nature du lien entre l'essentiel et le nécessaire. Les conceptions de Saul Kripke, Kit Fine et Aristote sont étudiées. M. Roques tente de montrer que le nominalisme ne contraint pas à une position déterminée sur les essences. ©Electre 2016

Ockham, of, William --- Nominalism --- Essentialism (Philosophy) --- Nominalisme --- Essence (Philosophie) --- William, --- Criticism and interpretation --- Guillaume, --- Essence (philosophie) --- Guillaume d'Ockham --- Guilelmus de Occam, --- Angels --- Philosophy, Medieval. --- Dietrich, --- Thomas, --- History --- Criticism and interpretation. --- Essentialism (Philosophy) - History - 19th century --- Guilelmus de Occam, - ca. 1285-1349 --- William, - of Ockham, - approximately 1285-approximately 1349

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This edited volume presents new lines of research dealing with the language of thought and its philosophical implications in the time of Ockham. It features more than 20 essays that also serve as a tribute to the ground-breaking work of a leading expert in late medieval philosophy: Claude Panaccio. Coverage addresses topics in the philosophy of mind and cognition (externalism, mental causation, resemblance, habits, sensory awareness, the psychology, illusion, representationalism), concepts (universal, transcendental, identity, syncategorematic), logic and language (definitions, syllogisms, modality, supposition, obligationes, etc.), action theory (belief, will, action), and more. A distinctive feature of this work is that it brings together contributions in both French and English, the two major research languages today on the main theme in question. It unites the most renowned specialists in the field as well as many of Claude Panaccio’s former students who have engaged with his work over the years. In furthering this dialogue, the essays render key topics in fourteenth-century thought accessible to the contemporary philosophical community without being anachronistic or insensitive to the particularities of the medieval context. As a result, this book will appeal to a general population of philosophers and historians of philosophy with an interest in logic, philosophy of language, philosophy of mind, and metaphysics.

Philosophy, Medieval --- Philosophy of mind. --- Cognition. --- Mind, Philosophy of --- Mind, Theory of --- Theory of mind --- Philosophy --- Cognitive science --- Metaphysics --- Philosophical anthropology --- Panaccio, Claude, --- Psychology --- Philosophy of mind --- Language and languages --- Philosophy, Medieval. --- History --- Consciousness. --- Cognitive grammar. --- Logic. --- Linguistics --- Metaphysics. --- Philosophy of Mind. --- Cognitive Psychology. --- Cognitive Linguistics. --- Philosophy of Language. --- God --- Ontology --- Argumentation --- Deduction (Logic) --- Deductive logic --- Dialectic (Logic) --- Logic, Deductive --- Intellect --- Science --- Reasoning --- Thought and thinking --- Cognitive linguistics --- Grammar, Comparative and general --- Psycholinguistics --- Apperception --- Mind and body --- Perception --- Spirit --- Self --- Philosophy. --- Methodology --- Cognitive psychology. --- Language and languages—Philosophy. --- Psychology, Cognitive --- Psycholinguistics. --- Psycholinguistics and Cognitive Lingusitics. --- Language, Psychology of --- Psychology of language --- Speech --- Psychological aspects

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This book features 20 essays that explore how Latin medieval philosophers and theologians from Anselm to Buridan conceived of habitus, as well as detailed studies of the use of the concept by Augustine and of the reception of the medieval doctrines of habitus in Suàrez and Descartes. Habitus are defined as stable dispositions to act or think in a certain way. This definition was passed down to the medieval thinkers from Aristotle and, to a lesser extent, Augustine, and played a key role in many of the philosophical and theological developments of the time. Written by leading experts in medieval and modern philosophy, the book offers a historical overview that examines the topic in light of recent advances in medieval cognitive psychology and medieval moral theory. Coverage includes such topics as the metaphysics of the soul, the definition of virtue and vice, and the epistemology of self-knowledge. The book also contains an introduction that is the first attempt at a comprehensive survey of the nature and function of habitus in medieval thought. The material will appeal to a wide audience of historians of philosophy and contemporary philosophers. It is relevant as much to the historian of ancient philosophy who wants to track the historical reception of Aristotelian ideas as it is to historians of modern philosophy who would like to study the progressive disappearance of the term “habitus” in the early modern period and the concepts that were substituted for it. In addition, the volume will also be of interest to contemporary philosophers open to historical perspectives in order to renew current trends in cognitive psychology, virtue epistemology, and virtue ethics.

Philosophy --- Psychology --- History of philosophy --- filosofie --- geschiedenis --- persoonlijkheidsleer --- middeleeuwen --- anno 500-1499

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Since antiquity, philosophers have investigated how change works. If a thing moves from one state to another, when exactly does it start to be in its new state, and when does it cease to be in its former one? In the late Middle Ages, the 'problem of the instant of change” was subject to considerable debate and gave rise to sophisticated theories; it became popular and controversial again in the second half of the twentieth century. The studies collected here constitute the first attempt at tackling the different aspects of an issue that, until now, have been the object of seminal but isolated forays. They do so in through a historical perspective, offering both the medieval and the contemporary viewpoints. Contributors are Damiano Costa, Graziana Ciola, William O. Duba, Simo Knuuttila, Greg Littmann, Can Laurens Löwe, Graham Priest, Magali Roques, Niko Strobach, Edith Dudley Sylla, Cecilia Trifogli and Gustavo Fernández Walker.

Philosophy, Medieval.