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Defensive medicine is a deviation of sound medical practice due to the liability fear among physicians. This topic has received more attention in recent decades. Literature indicates that defensive medicine can appear in two different forms: positive and negative defensive medicine. Further, it appears that in Belgium research about defensive medicine is rare. Therefore, this thesis provides a literature review about the controversies about defensive medicine. This consists of discussion about the origin of defensive medicine, the cost, the cause, the consequences and other determinants. This will form a basis for further future research about defensive medicine in Belgium. Finally, an overview of what is known about the situation in Belgium is discussed and a suggesting for further research in Belgium is given.

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Previous research highlights the importance if increasing assortative mating and its effect on income inequality. This thesis aims to study the relationship between educational assortative mating and income inequality in Belgium based on the MEqIn dataset. Using contingency tables, Lorenz curves and Gini coefficients, I find that there is indeed an tendency towards positive assortative mating. Two samples are used: one including and one excluding income from self-employment. I find that the when self-employment income is excluded, the income distribution seems to be more equal. Moreover, there seems to be more income inequality in Belgian households as they are now than if matching were completely random. Educational assortative mating can explain at maximum 0.0373 (0.0490) of the Gini coefficient for this specific subsample of the population. This study adds to the general consensus among researchers that assortative mating does have an effect on income inequality.

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The aim of this thesis is to observe how household resources are distributed within the household in Belgium by recovering the so-called sharing rule, which has been created taking into account both personal expenditure and leisure. According to MEQIN data, in a model with household production, women seem to enjoy the 49% of household resources in Belgium. Firstly, the economic and non-economic determinants of the sharing rule are regressed and discussed, finding that education, number of children, religiousness, age and wages matter in the distribution of household resources; then the parameters of the labor supply in a collective framework are recovered. Therefore, the derivatives of the sharing rule obtained in this thesis through direct observation are compared to the derivatives of the sharing rule obtained up to a constant in Chiappori, Fortin, Lacroix (2002), finding similar results. Finally, under the assumption that individual utility can be represented by a Cobb-Douglas function, leisure preferences for males and females are compared and discussed.

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The thesis focuses on the mechanism of the sharing rule, which is a part of the collective household model. A novel calculation method is employed that consists of three main components, mainly wage, leisure and private consumption. The general collective model is explained and examined, after which the own method is divulged and its sources. Furthermore, the main findings and assumptions of Chiappori (1992) and Chiappori, Fortin and Lacroix (2002) are presented. The data section follows this up by describing the sample and explaining why certain assumptions and restrictions were made. Tables divulge information on the different parts of the sharing rule and shows the differences between men and women. Moreover, several graphs are given for these components to give a clearer view. The last section uses linear regressions to estimate the effects of different individual characteristics on the sharing rule and the individual resources. It is found that the education, receiving benefits and having children effects the sharing rule. The thesis ends with an adaptation of the work by Chiappori, Fortin and Lacroix (2002) and it is decided that, with our approach and data, that the sharing rule equation is insignificant. The labor supplies are also estimated which shows that the household nonlabor income has a significant effect.

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Wat is een goed leven? Wel-zijn is voor de meeste mensen meer dan een hoog inkomen of louter materiële welvaart. Vele niet-materiële aspecten zoals gezondheid, gezinsleven, leefomgeving, een zinvolle tijdsbesteding of de kwaliteit van een job zijn minstens even belangrijk voor een geslaagd leven. Al die aspecten samen beïnvloeden ook de mate waarin mensen tevreden zijn over hun leven en bepalen mee hoe gelukkig ze zich voelen. In dit boek argumenteren de auteurs echter dat geluk of levenstevredenheid geen goede maatstaf is voor het meten van welzijn. Zij stellen een alternatieve methode voor die niet enkel rekening houdt met de verschillende dimensies van welzijn, maar ook met het feit dat mensen hun eigen opvattingen hebben over wat belangrijk is in hun leven. Het blijft niet enkel bij theorie. Een grootschalige en representatieve enquête bij meer dan 3000 volwassenen uit ruim 2000 Belgische gezinnen liet toe de verschillende aspecten van het individuele welzijn van de Belgen in kaart te brengen. Origineel is dat ruim aandacht besteed wordt aan de ongelijke verdeling van deze verschillende welzijnsaspecten binnen gezinnen. Uit de enquête blijkt dat sommige Belgen vaker lijden aan opgestapelde achterstand in meerdere welzijns­ dimensies. Het boek beschrijft vervolgens welke mensen er in de samenleving het slechtst aan toe zijn volgens de nieuwe methode. Zij verdienen volgens de auteurs de grootste aandacht van de beleidsmakers. En dat zijn niet noodzakelijk enkel diegenen met een laag inkomen, of diegenen die zich ongelukkig voelen.Bron: www.maklu.be/MakluEnGarant/BookDetails.aspx?id=9789044136333

sociale ongelijkheid --- 301.17 --- Sociologie Sociologie --- Prospérité Welvaart --- Belgique België --- Geluk --- Welvaart --- Maatschappelijk welzijn --- Welbevinden --- Social policy --- Microeconomics --- Belgium --- Sociale ongelijkheid --- Sociologie --- Welvaartseconomie --- Welzijn --- 330.342.146 --- 330.342.146 Verzorgingsstaat. Welvaartsmaatschappij. Welvaartsstaat --- Verzorgingsstaat. Welvaartsmaatschappij. Welvaartsstaat --- Aardrijkskunde --- Patiënt --- 660 Welzijn