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Internet access --- Freedom of information --- Human rights --- Computer crimes --- Internet --- Telecommunications --- Electrical & Computer Engineering --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Prevention --- Moral and ethical aspects --- Internet access. --- Freedom of information. --- Human rights. --- Prevention. --- Moral and ethical aspects. --- Basic rights --- Civil rights (International law) --- Rights, Human --- Rights of man --- Information, Freedom of --- Liberty of information --- Right to know --- Access to the Internet --- Law and legislation --- Human security --- Transitional justice --- Truth commissions --- Civil rights --- Freedom of speech --- Intellectual freedom --- Telecommunication

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In the past 20 years, the U.S. government, championed by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and in collaboration with other public and private entities, has made considerable progress enumerating the country's critical infrastructure components and National Critical Functions (NCFs). However, these efforts have not enabled specific identification of the most-critical computing systems within networks. To help fill that gap, researchers from the Homeland Security Operational Analysis Center sought to examine and enumerate the businesses that provide the most-critical information technology (IT) products and services and lay the groundwork for DHS and other federal and private-sector elements to better apply a risk-based approach to protecting the country's most-important assets and systems. They sought to (1) create a prioritized list of software and businesses that provide IT products and services and (2) develop a framework that could continue and extend this analysis into the future to accommodate emerging technologies and the evolution of the technology market. The work featured four workstreams: (1) identifying and integrating disparate data sources to identify the most-critical vulnerabilities and software applications in the U.S. internet protocol space; (2) collecting original data to map the software dependency and ownership structure of the most-referenced libraries; (3) leveraging existing work to identify specific IT and communication companies that were most interconnected and could suffer the greatest economic loss; and (4) developing a way to link NCFs to actual software companies supporting those functions.

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Internet-connected "smart" devices are increasingly available in the marketplace, promising consumers and businesses improved convenience and efficiency. Within this broader Internet of Things (IoT) lies a growing industry of devices that monitor the human body and transmit the data collected via the internet. This development, which some have called the Internet of Bodies (IoB), includes an expanding array of devices that combine software, hardware, and communication capabilities to track personal health data, provide vital medical treatment, or enhance bodily comfort, function, health, or well-being. However, these devices also complicate a field already fraught with legal, regulatory, and ethical risks. The authors of this report examine this emerging collection of human body–centric and internet-connected technologies; explore benefits, security and privacy risks, and ethical implications; survey the nascent regulatory landscape for these devices and the data they collect; and make recommendations to balance IoB risks and rewards.

Biomedical engineering --- Human body and technology. --- Biomedical Engineering --- Ethics. --- Social aspects. --- ethics.

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Social media and other sophisticated communications technology have enabled a new kind of crime: cyberstalking. Cyberstalking involves using communications technology in threatening ways to stalk, harass, or share embarrassing information about victims, and it often involves the threat of intimate partner violence. As online platforms and messaging technologies have multiplied, cyberstalking has become more prevalent. Yet the problem has been understudied, and its dynamics are not well known. In this report, the authors enhance the understanding of cyberstalking by offering the first empirical analysis on federal cyberstalking cases: In particular, they analyze the number of federal cyberstalking cases filed over time, the characteristics of these cases, and the outcomes of these cases. The results of in-depth interviews with prosecutors, law enforcement officials, and victims' advocacy representatives are also presented.

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In response to the mounting specter of systemic cyber risks, the Cyberspace Solarium Commission recommended that Congress codify the concept of Systemically Important Critical Infrastructure—later renamed Systemically Important Entities (SIEs)—and that the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) be resourced to identify SIEs and support in the mitigation of their risks to support a broader national strategy of layered deterrence. In support of the CISA National Risk Management Center (NRMC), this report clarifies the concepts of SIEs and introduces a data-driven methodology for their identification and prioritization. Specifically, the authors identify SIEs by their potential to affect national critical functions (NCFs) and prioritize SIEs by measures of their size and interconnectedness. This report builds on existing work regarding Critical IT Products and Services and extending the researchers' analysis to federal agencies and firms that install potentially vulnerable software, in addition to firms that write software. This report further documents systemic risks and cyber risks in software supply chains, past and ongoing analytical support to CISA, and current limitations, and it outlines a path for future work.

Computer security --- Computer networks --- Infrastructure (Economics) --- Cyberterrorism --- Communication Systems --- Cybersecurity --- Data Science --- Terrorism Risk Management --- Sécurité informatique --- Réseaux d'ordinateurs --- Security measures --- Prevention. --- Sécurité --- Mesures --- United States