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Zonder onderwerpscode: economie

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This paper assesses the effects of reducing tariffs under the Doha Round on market access for developing countries. It shows that for many developing countries, actual preferential access is less generous than it appears because of low product coverage or complex rules of origin. Thus lowering tariffs under the multilateral system is likely to lead to a net increase in market access for many developing countries, with gains in market access offsetting losses from preference erosion. Furthermore, comparing various tariff-cutting proposals, the research shows that the largest gains in market access are generated by higher tariff cuts in agriculture.

Electronic books. -- local. --- Exports -- Developing countries -- Econometric models. --- Tariff preferences -- Developing countries -- Econometric models. --- Tariff preferences --- Exports --- Econometric models. --- Differential duty --- Discriminating duty --- Generalized system of preferences (Tariff) --- GSP (Tariff) --- Preferences, Tariff --- Preferential duty --- Preferential tariff --- Trade preferences --- International trade --- Tariff --- Exports and Imports --- Taxation --- Economic Theory --- Trade Policy --- International Trade Organizations --- Empirical Studies of Trade --- Economic Integration --- Trade: General --- Neoclassical Models of Trade --- Agriculture: Aggregate Supply and Demand Analysis --- Prices --- Public finance & taxation --- International economics --- Economic theory & philosophy --- Tariffs --- Comparative advantage --- Demand elasticity --- Imports --- Taxes --- Economic theory --- Elasticity --- Economics --- United States

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This paper identifies the effects of preferential trade agreements on trade volumes and prices using detailed trade and tariff data. It identifies demand elasticities by developing a difference in differences based method that exploits the fact that the additional wedge driven between consumption patterns in a liberalizing versus a non-liberalizing country is directly related to the tariff reduction. Supply elasticities are identified by using tariffs as instruments for observed quantities. Analysis of world-wide trade data for 5,000 commodities shows that NAFTA and CUSFTA have had a substantial impact on international trade volumes, but a modest effect on prices and welfare. NAFTA and CUSFTA increased North American output and prices in many highly-protected sectors by driving out imports from non-member countries.