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Giraldus, --- Literature and history --- Latin prose literature, Medieval and modern --- Anglo-Norman literature --- Literacy --- Magic in literature --- Littérature et histoire --- Littérature anglo-normande --- Alphabétisation --- Magie dans la littérature --- History --- History and criticism. --- Histoire --- Histoire et critique --- William, --- Geoffrey, --- John, --- Benoît, --- Criticism and interpretation --- Great Britain --- England --- Grande-Bretagne --- Angleterre --- Historiography. --- Intellectual life --- Historiographie --- Vie intellectuelle --- Magic in literature. --- Criticism and interpretation. --- Littérature et histoire --- Littérature anglo-normande --- Alphabétisation --- Magie dans la littérature --- Benoît, --- History. --- Latin prose literature, Medieval and modern - England - History and criticism. --- Literature and history - Great Britain - History - To 1500. --- Anglo-Norman literature - History and criticism. --- Literacy - England - History - To 1500. --- Benoît, - de Sainte-More, - 12th cent. - Criticism and interpretation. --- Great Britain - History - To 1485 - Historiography. --- England - Intellectual life - 1066-1485. --- Benoît, - de Sainte-More, - 12th cent.
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Conservative thinkers of the early Middle Ages conceived of sensual gratification as a demonic snare contrived to debase the higher faculties of humanity, and they identified pagan writing as one of the primary conduits of decadence. Two aspects of the pagan legacy were treated with particular distrust: fiction, conceived as a devious contrivance that falsified God's order; and rhetorical opulence, viewed as a vain extravagance. Writing that offered these dangerous allurements came to be known as "hermaphroditic" and, by the later Middle Ages, to be equated with homosexuality. At the margins of these developments, however, some authors began to validate fiction as a medium for truth and a source of legitimate enjoyment, while others began to explore and defend the pleasures of opulent rhetoric. Here David Rollo examines two such texts-Alain de Lille's De planctu Naturae and Guillaume de Lorris and Jean de Meun's Roman de la Rose-arguing that their authors, in acknowledging the liberating potential of their irregular written orientations, brought about a nuanced reappraisal of homosexuality. Rollo concludes with a consideration of the influence of the latter on Chaucer's Pardoner's Prologue and Tale.
Paraphilias in literature. --- Intersexuality in literature. --- Homosexuality in literature. --- Literature, Medieval --- Latin literature, Medieval and modern --- Hermaphroditism in literature --- Sexual deviation in literature --- Sexual perversion in literature --- History and criticism. --- Martianus Capella. --- William, --- Guillaume, --- Jean, --- Alanus, --- Chopinel, Jean, --- Clopinel, Jean, --- De Meun, Jean, --- Jean Chopinel de Meun, --- Jean Clopinel de Meun, --- Jean de Meun, --- Jehan, --- Meun, Jean de, --- Clopinel, J. --- Criticism and interpretation. --- hermaphroditic, hermaphrodite, fiction, fictional, middle ages, medieval, time period, era, history, historical, conservative, sensual, sensuality, sexuality, sex, gratification, religion, religious studies, faith, belief, morals, purity, human nature, sin, sinful, taboo, pagan, extravagance, opulence, rhetorical, god, homosexuality, roman de la rose, literature, literary, chaucer, pardoners tale.
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What happens if a cleric breaks his vows of sexual abstinence? What happens if the cleric in question does so repeatedly with other men of his vocation? Eleventh-century theologian Peter Damian provides a response. What happens if an author uses metaphor as a metaphor signifying and excoriating male same-sex relations, yet does so in a text showing an exuberant and unabashed orientation towards metaphorical language? Is the author in question rhetorically perpetrating precisely the so-called affront to nature he grammatically denounces? Twelfth-century poet Alain de Lille enacts an ambiguously enigmatic response.
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