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In Peacemaking from Above, Peace from Below, Norrin M. Ripsman explains how regional rivals make peace and how outside actors can encourage regional peacemaking. Through a qualitative empirical analysis of all the regional rivalries that terminated in peace treaties in the twentieth century-including detailed case studies of the Franco-German, Egyptian-Israeli, and Israeli-Jordanian peace settlements-Ripsman concludes that efforts to encourage peacemaking that focus on changing the attitudes of the rival societies or democratizing the rival polities to enable societal input into security policy are unlikely to achieve peace.Prior to a peace treaty, he finds, peacemaking is driven by states, often against intense societal opposition, for geostrategic reasons or to preserve domestic power. After a formal treaty has been concluded, the stability of peace depends on societal buy-in through mechanisms such as bilateral economic interdependence, democratization of former rivals, cooperative regional institutions, and transfers of population or territory. Society is largely irrelevant to the first stage but is critical to the second. He draws from this analysis a lesson for contemporary policy. Western governments and international organizations have invested heavily in efforts to promote Israeli-Palestinian and Indo-Pakistani peace by promoting democratic values, economic exchanges, and cultural contacts between the opponents. Such attempts to foster peace are likely to waste resources until such time as formal peace treaties are concluded between longtime adversaries.

International relations --- Peace-building. --- Pacific settlement of international disputes. --- Building peace --- Peacebuilding --- Conflict management --- Peace --- Peacekeeping forces --- Dispute settlement, Peaceful (International relations) --- Disputes, Pacific settlement of international --- International disputes, Pacific settlement of --- Pacific settlement of international disputes --- Peaceful dispute settlement (International relations) --- Peaceful settlement of international disputes --- PSD (Pacific settlement of international disputes) --- Settlement of international disputes, Pacific --- Dispute resolution (Law) --- History --- Law and legislation --- Dispute resolution (International law) --- Pacific resolution of international disputes --- Peaceful dispute resolution (International relations) --- Peaceful resolution of international disputes --- Resolution of international disputes, Pacific --- International law

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In the past two decades, many have posited a correlation between the spread of globalization and the decline of the nation-state. They have maintained that the increasing interdependence between countries means that nations are no longer the sole providers of their territorial security. This text investigates.

Globalization. --- National security --- United States --- Military policy. --- Homeland defense --- Homeland security --- Global cities --- Globalisation --- Internationalization --- International relations --- Anti-globalization movement

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"Neoclassical realism is a major theoretical approach to the study of foreign policy. Norrin M. Ripsman, Jeffrey W. Taliaferro, and Steven E. Lobell argue that it can explain and predict a far broader range of political phenomena in international politics. Neoclassical realism challenges other approaches, including structural realism, liberalism, and constructivism"-- "Since Gideon Rose's 1998 review article in the journal World Politics and especially following the release of Lobell, Ripsman, and Taliaferro's 2009 edited volume Neoclassical Realism, the State, and Foreign Policy, neoclassical realism has emerged as major theoretical approach to the study of foreign policy on both sides of the Atlantic. Proponents of neoclassical realism claim that it is the logical extension of the Kenneth Waltz's structural realism into the realm of foreign policy. In Neoclassical Realist Theory of International Relations, Norrin M. Ripsman, Jeffrey W. Taliaferro, and Steven E. Lobell argue that neoclassical realism is far more than an extension of Waltz's structural realism or an effort to update the classical realism of Hans Morgenthau, E.H. Carr, and Henry Kissinger with the language of modern social science. Rejecting the artificial distinction that Waltz draws between theories of international politics and theories of foreign policy, the authors contend neoclassical realism can explain and predict phenomena ranging from short-term crisis-behavior, to foreign policy, to patterns of grand strategic adjustment by individual states up to long-term patterns of international outcomes. It is, therefore, a more powerful theory of international politics than structural realism. Yet it is also a more intuitively satisfying approach than liberal Innenpolitik theories or constructivism. The authors detail the variables and assumptions of neoclassical realist theory, address various aspects of theory construction and methodology, lay out the areas of convergence and sharp disagreement with other leading theoretical approaches -- liberalism, constructivism, analytic eclecticism, and foreign policy analysis (FPA) --- and demonstrate how neoclassical realist theory can be used to resolve longstanding puzzles and debates in international relations theory"--

International relations --- Realism --- Philosophy --- Political aspects --- International relations. --- POLITICAL SCIENCE / International Relations / Diplomacy. --- POLITICAL SCIENCE / International Relations / General. --- POLITICAL SCIENCE / Political Freedom & Security / General. --- Philosophy. --- Political aspects. --- International relations - Philosophy --- Realism - Political aspects --- Empiricism --- Universals (Philosophy) --- Conceptualism --- Dualism --- Idealism --- Materialism --- Nominalism --- Positivism --- Rationalism --- Coexistence --- Foreign affairs --- Foreign policy --- Foreign relations --- Global governance --- Interdependence of nations --- International affairs --- Peaceful coexistence --- World order --- National security --- Sovereignty --- World politics

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The years between the World Wars represent an era of broken balances: the retreat of the United States from global geopolitics, the weakening of Great Britain and France, Russian isolation following the 1917 Bolshevik Revolution, the resurgence of German power in Europe, and the rise of Japan in East Asia. All these factors complicated great-power politics. This book brings together historians and political scientists to revisit the conventional wisdom on the grand strategies pursued between the World Wars, drawing on theoretical innovations and new primary sources. The contributors suggest that all the great powers pursued policies that, while in retrospect suboptimal, represented conscious, rational attempts to secure their national interests under conditions of extreme uncertainty and intense domestic and international political, economic, and strategic constraints.

Balance of power --- Great powers --- Strategic culture --- Culture --- Military policy --- National security --- Powers, Great --- Super powers --- Superpowers --- World politics --- Power, Balance of --- Power politics --- International relations --- Political realism --- History --- Social Sciences --- Political Science

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Peace-building --- International economic relations. --- Regional economics --- Commercial treaties --- Economic sanctions --- Economic aspects. --- Political aspects.