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By the year 2050, there will be more than 9 billion people in the world; nearly 3 billion more than today. The world’s population will increase by over 700 million in the next 10 years – much of it in regions which are currently in a food deficit. How can governments ensure a secure and stable food supply for their citizens? Can current agricultural production practices and technologies provide for an expanding population in a sustainable manner? In the February 2010 summit of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), agricultural ministers recognized the necessity that “innovation, including transfer of technologies, is fostered in order to increase productivity, enhance efficiency, improve sustainable resource use, respond to climate change and reduce waste including through balanced protection of intellectual property rights, and a regulatory environment conducive to innovation and new technology.” Technology alone cannot solve problems associated with food supply and distribution – they have not done so in the past, and will not do so in the future. But biotechnological innovations have played crucial roles, and will do so in the future. Students of many disciplines and the general public are interested in examining the development and adoption of innovative biotechnologies applied in agriculture in the world’s largest economies and in developing countries, which are themselves changing rapidly to address these concerns. We are now approaching two decades of experience of deployment of transgenic crops in agroecosystems, and we are still very much in the early stages of technological development, deployment and adoption of resulting plants (cereals, vegetables and trees). What are these biotechnologies today that can enhance agricultural productivity and produce medicines, how are they currently deployed, what are some near-term realistic expectations, if these biotechnologies are to be a part of sustainable agriculture?
Plant biotechnology. --- Life sciences. --- Agriculture. --- Farming --- Husbandry --- Industrial arts --- Life sciences --- Food supply --- Land use, Rural --- Biosciences --- Sciences, Life --- Science --- Crop biotechnology --- Crops --- Plants --- Agricultural biotechnology --- Biotechnology --- Plant breeding. --- Plant diseases. --- Entomology. --- Environmental sciences. --- Plant Breeding/Biotechnology. --- Plant Pathology. --- Environment, general. --- Environmental science --- Insects --- Zoology --- Botany --- Communicable diseases in plants --- Crop diseases --- Diseases of plants --- Microbial diseases in plants --- Pathological botany --- Pathology, Vegetable --- Phytopathology --- Plant pathology --- Vegetable pathology --- Agricultural pests --- Crop losses --- Diseased plants --- Phytopathogenic microorganisms --- Plant pathologists --- Plant quarantine --- Agriculture --- Breeding --- Pathology --- Diseases and pests --- Diseases --- Wounds and injuries --- Plant pathology. --- Environment. --- Balance of nature --- Biology --- Bionomics --- Ecological processes --- Ecological science --- Ecological sciences --- Environment --- Environmental biology --- Oecology --- Environmental sciences --- Population biology --- Ecology
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By the year 2050, there will be more than 9 billion people in the world; nearly 3 billion more than today. The world’s population will increase by over 700 million in the next 10 years – much of it in regions which are currently in a food deficit. How can governments ensure a secure and stable food supply for their citizens? Can current agricultural production practices and technologies provide for an expanding population in a sustainable manner? In the February 2010 summit of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), agricultural ministers recognized the necessity that “innovation, including transfer of technologies, is fostered in order to increase productivity, enhance efficiency, improve sustainable resource use, respond to climate change and reduce waste including through balanced protection of intellectual property rights, and a regulatory environment conducive to innovation and new technology.” Technology alone cannot solve problems associated with food supply and distribution – they have not done so in the past, and will not do so in the future. But biotechnological innovations have played crucial roles, and will do so in the future. Students of many disciplines and the general public are interested in examining the development and adoption of innovative biotechnologies applied in agriculture in the world’s largest economies and in developing countries, which are themselves changing rapidly to address these concerns. We are now approaching two decades of experience of deployment of transgenic crops in agroecosystems, and we are still very much in the early stages of technological development, deployment and adoption of resulting plants (cereals, vegetables and trees). What are these biotechnologies today that can enhance agricultural productivity and produce medicines, how are they currently deployed, what are some near-term realistic expectations, if these biotechnologies are to be a part of sustainable agriculture?
Biology --- Plant physiology. Plant biophysics --- Botany --- Insects. Springtails --- Environmental protection. Environmental technology --- Agriculture. Animal husbandry. Hunting. Fishery --- Biotechnology --- plantenziekten --- systematische plantkunde --- milieukunde --- biologie --- bevolking --- landbouw --- biotechnologie --- duurzame ontwikkeling --- milieubeheer --- insecten --- klimaatverandering
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Written in easy to follow language, the book presents cutting-edge agriculturally relevant plant biotechnologies and applications in a manner that is accessible to all. This book updates and introduces the scope and method of plant biotechnologies and molecular breeding within the context of environmental analysis and assessment, a diminishing supply of productive arable land, scarce water resources and climate change. New plant breeding techniques including CRISPR-cas system are now tools to meet these challenges both in developed countries and in developing countries. Ethical issues, intellectual property rights, regulation policies in various countries related to agricultural biotechnology are examined. The rapid developments in plant biotechnology are explained to a large audience with relevant examples. New varieties of crops can be adapted to new climatic conditions in order to reduce pest-associated losses and the adverse abiotic effects .
General ecology and biosociology --- Plant physiology. Plant biophysics --- Botany --- Zoology --- Environmental protection. Environmental technology --- Agriculture. Animal husbandry. Hunting. Fishery --- Biotechnology --- plantenziekten --- systematische plantkunde --- environment --- landbouw --- biotechnologie --- milieutechnologie --- zoölogie
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General ecology and biosociology --- Plant physiology. Plant biophysics --- Botany --- Zoology --- Environmental protection. Environmental technology --- Agriculture. Animal husbandry. Hunting. Fishery --- Biotechnology --- plantenziekten --- systematische plantkunde --- environment --- landbouw --- biotechnologie --- milieutechnologie --- zoölogie
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Depuis une vingtaine d’années, les biotechnologies, tout spécialement les organismes génétiquement modifiés (OGM) agricoles, sont au coeur d’une controverse sociétale particulièrement vive dans l’Union européenne. Elle a conduit à ce que la presque totalité de ses États membres refuse la mise en culture des variétés transgéniques alors que le reste du monde les cultive de manière croissante.Au-delà de ce constat, cet ouvrage aborde l’avenir des biotechnologies à travers les nouvelles techniques d’édition du génome qui créent des OGE (organismes génétiquement édités) et dont la plus emblématique est le CRISPR-Cas9. En quoi ces nouvelles techniques, qui provoquent des changements contrôlés dans le génome des organismes de manière beaucoup plus précise, sont-elles différentes des techniques utilisées pour l’obtention d’OGM ? Quelles sont leurs applications en productions animales et végétales et quelles perspectives ouvrent-elles dans une agriculture mondialisée ? Quels sont les termes du débat sociétal et éthique qu’elles suscitent et les enjeux de la réglementation qui leur sera appliquée ? Comment faire porter ces travaux dans la décision publique à un moment où la rationalité scientifique est de moins en moins audible ?Dix auteurs d’horizons différents s’expriment en toute pluridisciplinarité sur ce sujet d’actualité en élargissant leur propos à la place qui est dévolue aujourd’hui à la science dans la société et dans la parole publique.
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This open access book is an update of genome editing techniques applied to a range of plants. We discuss the latest techniques and applications to cereals, roots and tubers, oilseed crops, fruit and forest trees, vegetables, legumes and algae including resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, improved quality, drug production, yield and adaptation to climate change. The regulations in different countries worldwide, the patentibility and the perception by society of the applications of new genomic techniques are examined. This book is written by a multidisciplinary and multisectoral collective of high-profile scientists and other experts belonging to the COST Action network PlantEd, which is mainly European but with contributions from American, Australian, Canadian, Chinese, Indian, Iranian, Pakistani and Peruvian scientists. The book is aimed at a wide audience consisting of students, academics, private and public breeders, other actors in the food and bioeconomy valuechains and policy and law makers.
Botany. --- Plant genetics. --- Agriculture. --- Plant Science. --- Plant Genetics.
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L'alimentation suscite aujourd'hui de multiples interrogations. Cet ouvrage se propose d'en faire le tour en exposant le plus simplement et le plus complètement possible l'état des connaissances scientifiques. Quels sont les déterminants du comportement alimentaire ? Comment les comportements alimentaires évoluent-ils au cours d'une vie ? Quels en sont les marqueurs culturels ? Les évolutions historiques ? Comment fabrique-t-on, et a-t-on fabriqué au cours de l'histoire, les aliments ? Comment les conserve-t-on ? Comment gérer les ressources ? Quels sont les différents systèmes alimentaires ? Qu'en est-il aujourd'hui des questions de famine ? Quelles relations entretiennent la nutrition et la santé ? Comment gérer les risques alimentaires dans des filières industrialisées ? Quel encadrement juridique pour l'alimentation ? Quels liens entre l'alimentation, l'environnement et l'occupation du territoire ? C'est à toutes ces questions, et à bien d'autres, que répond cet ouvrage, en 127 chapitres. L'alimentation exige la pluridisciplinarité, aussi les auteurs rassemblés viennent-ils de communautés aussi diverses que les sciences humaines et sociales, les sciences biologiques et médicales, les sciences des aliments, et les sciences environnementales. Un panorama complet pour tout comprendre aux enjeux de l'alimentation au xxie siècle.
History & Philosophy Of Science --- alimentation --- nutrition --- politique --- écologie --- agriculture
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