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Unlikely Stories is the first book-length study of the full range of causal issues in narrative, and explores the neglected question of just what brings about events in a fictional text. This book focuses on causality as a foundational element of all narratives, and as a distinguishing feature of many of the most compelling works of distinctively modern fiction and drama. Richardson draws on a wide range of literary texts: seminal ancient and early modern works, the classics of high modernism, and numerous avant-garde and postmodern pieces, as well as narratives by recent postcolonial and U.S. ethnic authors. This study brings together a number of related critical issues, including the causal laws that attempt to govern fictional worlds, the reader's implication in the causal dilemmas that confront major characters, and the philosophical and ideological ascriptions of cause that are variously embodied, interrogated, or parodied. One of the most significant features of this study is its disclosure of just how fundamental and widespread causal issues are in complex narratives - and how insistently they are thematized in twentieth-century works.

Fiction --- Literary rhetorics --- English literature --- 82-3 --- 82.015.9 --- -Causation in literature --- American literature --- -Necessity (Philosophy) in literature --- Postmodernism (Literature) --- Coincidence in literature --- Narration (Rhetoric) --- Modernism (Literature) --- -Modernism (Literature) --- -Literary movements --- Literature, Modern --- Post-postmodernism (Literature) --- Agrarians (Group of writers) --- British literature --- Inklings (Group of writers) --- Nonsense Club (Group of writers) --- Order of the Fancy (Group of writers) --- Narrative (Rhetoric) --- Narrative writing --- Rhetoric --- Discourse analysis, Narrative --- Narratees (Rhetoric) --- Proza. Fictie. Narratologie --- Literaire stromingen: postmodernisme --- History and criticism --- -Proza. Fictie. Narratologie --- 82.015.9 Literaire stromingen: postmodernisme --- 82-3 Proza. Fictie. Narratologie --- -82.015.9 Literaire stromingen: postmodernisme --- -Narrative (Rhetoric) --- Causation in literature. --- Necessity (Philosophy) in literature. --- Coincidence in literature. --- Narration (Rhetoric). --- Postmodernisme et littérature. --- Nécessité (philosophie) dans la littérature. --- Littérature anglaise --- Littérature américaine --- Causalité --- Modernisme (littérature). --- Kausalität. --- Handlung . --- American literature. --- English literature. --- Modernism (Literature). --- Postmodernism (Literature). --- Histoire et critique --- Dans la littérature. --- 1900-1999. --- Englisch. --- English-speaking countries. --- Causation in literature --- Necessity (Philosophy) in literature --- 82-3 Fiction. Prose narrative --- Fiction. Prose narrative

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Brian Richardson presents a study that explores in depth one of the most significant aspects of late modernist, avant-garde, and postmodern narrative. Unnatural Voices analyzes in depth the creation, fragmentation, and reconstitution of experimental narrative voices that transcend familiar first- and third-person perspectives. Going beyond standard theories that are based in rhetoric or linguistics, this book focuses on what innovative authors actually do with narration. Richardson identifies the wide range of unusual narrators, acts of narration, and dramas with the identity of the speakers in late modern, avant-garde, and postmodern texts that have not previously been discussed in a sustained manner from a theoretical perspective. He draws attention to the more unusual practices of Conrad, Joyce, and Woolf as well as the work of later authors like Beckett and recent postmodernists. Unnatural Voices chronicles the transformation of the narrator figure and the function of narration over the course of the twentieth century and provides chapters on understudied modes such as second-person narration, "we" narration, and multiperson narration. It explores a number of distinctively postmodern strategies, such as unidentified interlocutors, erased events, the collapse of one voice into another, and the varieties of postmodern unreliability. It offers a new view of the relations between author, implied author, narrator, and audience and, more significantly, of the "unnatural" aspects of fictional narration. Finally, it offers a new model of narrative that can embrace the many non- and anti-realist practices discussed throughout the book.

Fiction --- Literary rhetorics --- anno 1800-1999 --- Narration (Rhetoric) --- Narration --- --Littérature --- --Littérature anglaise --- --XIXe s., --- XXe s., --- Technique. --- History and criticism --- 82-3 --- Proza. Fictie. Narratologie --- History and criticism. --- 82-3 Proza. Fictie. Narratologie --- Narration (Rhetoric). --- Narrative (Rhetoric) --- Narrative writing --- Rhetoric --- Discourse analysis, Narrative --- Narratees (Rhetoric) --- Fiction writing --- Metafiction --- Writing, Fiction --- Authorship --- Technique --- 82-3 Fiction. Prose narrative --- Fiction. Prose narrative --- Fiction - Technique. --- Fiction - 20th century̨ - History and criticism --- Littérature --- Littérature anglaise --- XIXe s., 1801-1900 --- XXe s., 1901-2000

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George Eliot wrote that 'man cannot do without the make-believe of a beginning.' "Beginnings", it turns out, can be quite unusual, complex, and deceptive. The first major volume to focus on this critical but neglected topic, this collection brings together theoretical studies and critical analyses of beginnings in a wide range of narrative works spanning several centuries and genres. The international and interdisciplinary scope of these essays, representing every major theoretical perspective - including feminist, cognitive, postcolonial, postmodern, rhetorical, ethnic, narratological, and hypertext studies - extends from classic literary fiction to nonfictional discourse to popular culture. The authors, respected scholars and emerging critics, ask what conventions structure our understanding of beginnings before we encounter them; how best to analyze and comprehend beginnings in historical, traditional, and postmodern works; and how endings are (often unexpectedly) related to beginnings. The contributors use historical, political, narratological, and psychological frameworks to pursue these and related questions in works by Laurence Sterne, James Joyce, Virginia Woolf, Samuel Beckett, Manuel Puig, Salman Rushdie, Julia Alvarez, and feminist hypertext fiction. Together their essays comprise the single most important volume for theorizing and understanding narrative beginnings.

Narration (Rhetoric) --- English literature --- Literature --- History and criticism --- Theory, etc. --- 82-3 --- Proza. Fictie. Narratologie --- 82-3 Proza. Fictie. Narratologie --- Narration (Rhetoric). --- Narrative (Rhetoric) --- Narrative writing --- Rhetoric --- Discourse analysis, Narrative --- Narratees (Rhetoric) --- Belles-lettres --- Western literature (Western countries) --- World literature --- Philology --- Authors --- Authorship --- British literature --- Inklings (Group of writers) --- Nonsense Club (Group of writers) --- Order of the Fancy (Group of writers) --- History and criticism&delete& --- Theory, etc --- Narration --- Littérature anglaise --- Histoire et critique --- Théorie, etc. --- Narration. --- 82-3 Fiction. Prose narrative --- Fiction. Prose narrative --- Literature History and criticism --- Littérature anglaise --- Théorie, etc.

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George Eliot wrote that "man cannot do without the make-believe of a beginning." Beginnings, it turns out, can be quite unusual, complex, and deceptive. The first major volume to focus on this critical but neglected topic, this collection brings together theoretical studies and critical analyses of beginnings in a wide range of narrative works spanning several centuries and genres. The international and interdisciplinary scope of these essays, representing every major theoretical perspective-including feminist, cognitive, postcolonial, postmodern, rhetorical, ethnic, narratological, and hypert

Literature --- English literature --- Narration (Rhetoric) --- Narrative (Rhetoric) --- Narrative writing --- Rhetoric --- Discourse analysis, Narrative --- Narratees (Rhetoric) --- History and criticism --- Theory, etc. --- Literature History and criticism

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"Provides a model for considering story and plot that encompasses both traditional narratives and postmodern experiments. Considers work from Aristophanes, Shakespeare, James Joyce, Virginia Woolf, Salman Rushdie, and Angela Carter".

Literature --- History and criticism --- Literature History and criticism --- Theory, etc.