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Environmental law.

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Environmental law.

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Recently, microfluidic, nanofluidic and lab-on-a-chip devices have gained particular attention in biomedical applications. Due to their advantages, such as miniaturization, versatility, ease of use, cost-effectiveness, and the potential to replace animal models for drug development and testing, these devices hold tremendous potential to revolutionize the research of more effective treatments for several diseases that threaten human life. With integrated biosensors, these devices allow the development and design of micro- and nanoparticles to be studied in detail, modelling human physiology, investigating the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying disease formation and progression, and gaining insights into the performance and long-term effects of responsive drug delivery nanocarriers. This Special Issue gathered research papers, and review articles focusing on novel microfluidic, nanofluidic and lab-on-a-chip devices for biomedical applications, addressing all steps related to fabrication, biosensor integration and development, characterization, numerical simulations and validation of the devices, optimization and, the translation of these devices from research labs to industry settings.

Medicine --- protein biomarker --- microarray --- microfluidic cassette --- multiplex measurement --- immunoassay --- point-of-care testing --- microfluidic device --- small intestine --- ex vivo --- histology --- embedded resin --- sectioning --- peptide biosensor --- lab-on-a-chip --- label-free detection --- peptide aptamers --- protein biomarkers --- microfluidic biochip --- troponin T --- computational simulations --- drug discovery --- organ-on-a-chip --- microfluidic devices --- preclinical models --- numerical simulations --- automation --- non-enzymatic --- DNA amplification --- L-DNA --- microfluidic --- fluorescence --- paper microfluidics --- sweat --- sensing --- hydrogels --- lactate --- osmotic pumping --- evaporation --- capillary --- wicking --- biochemical assay --- microfluidics --- cell trap --- RBC --- evolutionary algorithm --- generative design --- artificial intelligence --- organ-on-chip --- liver-on-chip --- liver disease --- multi-level microfluidic device --- live cell imaging --- long-term microscopy imaging --- focus drifting --- immersion oil viscosity --- bacterial population dynamics --- single-cell studies --- E. coli --- mother machine --- computational fluid dynamics --- cancer-on-chip --- xenograft --- colorectal cancer --- pharmacodynamics --- pharmacokinetics --- drug efficacy --- oxaliplatin --- microfabrication --- microphysiological system --- biophysical stimuli --- biochemical stimuli --- in vitro cell culture --- cortical neurons --- hippocampal neurons --- electrical stimulation --- Micro-Electrode Arrays --- engineered neuronal networks --- polydimethylsiloxane --- microchannels --- in vivo micro bioreactor --- additive manufacturing --- poly-(ethylene glycol)-diacrylate --- biocompatibility --- COVID-19 --- diagnosis --- image analysis --- PCR --- SARS-CoV-2 --- n/a

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O livro "Democracia e Comunicação Social - um debate introdutório para a era digital", que agora se publica, corresponde ao conjunto de contributos dos oradores que participaram numa iniciativa com a mesma designação, baseada na realização de dois workshops em linha: O primeiro, promovido no dia 26 de fevereiro de 2021, com caráter preparatório e exploratório, vocacionado à interação entre agentes interessados, agentes institucionais e a academia para que se pudesse estabelecer o estado empírico do tema em análise; O segundo, realizado no dia 5 de março de 2021, tendente à promoção de uma reflexão científica e de investigação, ainda que de caráter preliminar e introdutório. A premência inerente à realização desta atividade e a consequente produção deste livro decorreu da atualidade do tema que lhe deu mote, com impacto significativo na forma como os cidadãos veem o mundo. Afinal, nos dias que correm, as plataformas digitais, agora também usadas como veículos de informação inerente ao setor da comunicação social, têm a suscetibilidade de desempenhar, cada vez mais, uma função pública ao serem percecionadas como estando ao serviço da liberdade de expressão e da pluralidade de ideias. Plataformas como o Facebook ou o Twitter, com forte incidência e parca concorrência nas correspetivas áreas de atuação, bloqueiam frequentemente conteúdos, perfis e utilizadores, decidindo quem pode publicar e o que pode ser publicado, usando algoritmos para o efeito, cujo funcionamento pode ser pouco transparente para os utilizadores. Acresce que estas são plataformas muitas vezes usadas para difundir opiniões controversas, mensagens de ódio, mas também para dar voz a grupos de cidadãos que, de outro modo, não a teriam ou, pelo menos, não teriam a possibilidade de fazer chegar as suas opiniões a um número tão alargado de leitores. Assim, as plataformas têm a capacidade de influenciar não só o que os utilizadores compram, mas também a sua forma de pensar e ainda como exercem o seu voto, o que levanta sérias dificuldades jurídicas que demandam a regulação urgente de forma a compatibilizar a manutenção da liberdade de imprensa e o alteamento da democracia numa era marcada pelas interações digitais.

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