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In this powerful work of conceptual and analytical originality, the author argues for the primacy of the material arrangements of the laboratory in the dynamics of modern molecular biology. In a post-Kuhnian move away from the hegemony of theory, he develops a new epistemology of experimentation in which research is treated as a process for producing epistemic things. A central concern of the book is the basic question of how novelty is generated in the empirical sciences. In addressing this question, the author brings French poststructuralist thinking—notably Jacques Derrida’s concepts of “différance” and “historiality”—to bear on the construction of epistemic things. Historiographical perspective shifts from the actors’ minds to their objects of manipulation. These epistemological and historical issues are illuminated in a detailed case study of a particular laboratory, that of the oncologist and biochemist Paul C. Zamecnik and his colleagues, located in a specific setting—the Collis P. Huntington Memorial Hospital of Harvard University at the Massachusetts General Hospital of Boston. The author traces how, between 1945 and 1965, this group developed an experimental system for synthesizing proteins in the test tube that put Zamecnik’s research team at the forefront of those who led biochemistry into the era of molecular biology.
Proteins
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Molecular biology
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Science
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Protéines
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Biologie moléculaire
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Sciences
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Synthesis
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Methodology
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Research
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History.
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Philosophy.
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Synthèse
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Methodologie
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Recherche
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Histoire
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Philosophie
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"Esteemed historian and philosopher of science Hans-Jörg Rheinberger explores the incredible diversity of scientific experimentation in his new book, which extends his ground-breaking epistemological studies of the life sciences and the experimental practices that have made them so productive. Rheinberger explores the materiality of experiment, of its objects and instruments, the construction of models, and myriad ways of making things visible. The first part of the book is devoted to the circumstances and conditions that give the process of experimentation its structural cachet and make it a device from which novelty can emerge. Then, in the second part, Rheinberger focuses on the relations that experimental systems develop among each other, specifically their characteristic temporal, spatial, and narrative dimensions. The concepts that guide his investigation emerge through accessible examples, most of which are drawn from molecular biology, including from the author's own laboratory notebooks from his years researching ribosomes. This is a tour de force by one of today's most influential theorists of scientific practice"--
Science --- Knowledge, Theory of. --- Biowissenschaften. --- Experiment. --- Experiments. --- Philosophy. --- Philosophie des sciences. --- Sciences --- Expériences.
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This book shows how, from the late nineteenth to the late twentieth century, the philosophy of science was increasingly confronted with historical questions and how it became historicized accordingly.
Knowledge, Theory of --- Science --- History. --- Philosophy
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Si le XIXe siècle a connu, dans la philosophie des sciences, l'ascension du positivisme, le XXe siècle a commencé par une crise de la pensée positiviste sans qu'une solution ou même une alternative se soient dessinées à l'horizon. Ce n'est qu'au XXe siècle qu'est apparue une réflexion sur les sciences complexe et motivée par une approche sociohistorique. Elle consistait initialement à historiciser la philosophie des sciences. Puis se sont développées diverses formes d'épistémologie historique. Ce mouvement est à situer dans le contexte plus large de la dynamique des sciences et des évolutions sociales et culturelles de ce siècle. Cette introduction présente les positions les plus notables qui ont marqué ce procès d'historicisation de l'épistémologie. Elle commence par les développements en France et en Allemagne autour de la fin du XIXe siècle. Sont traitées ensuite les épistémologies des auteurs de l'entre-deux-guerres (Gaston Bachelard, Ludwik Fleck, Edmund Husserl et Martin Heidegger). L'ascension d'une histoire des sciences d'aspiration épistémologique se fait ensuite autour d'Alexandre Koyré, puis de Thomas Kuhn aux États-Unis, avant que l'épistémologie historique prenne son essor en France dans les années 1960. Une brève description du tournant anthropologique des années 1980 marque la fin de ce tour d'horizon historique.
Science --- Sciences --- Philosophy --- Philosophie --- Science - Philosophy
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Knowledge, Theory of --- Science --- History. --- Philosophy --- Natural science --- Science of science --- Sciences --- History --- Philosophy&delete& --- Natural sciences
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This book is the first to explore in detail the encounter between Albert Flocon and Gaston Bachelard in postwar Paris. Bachelard was a philosopher and historian of science who was also involved in literary studies and poetics. Flocon was a student of the Bauhaus in Dessau, Germany, who specialized in copper engraving. Both deeply ingrained in the surrealist avant-garde movements, each acted at the frontiers of their respective métiers in exploring uncharted territory. Bachelard experienced the sciences of his time as constantly undergoing radical changes, and he wanted to create a historical epistemology that would live up to this experience. He saw the elementary gesture of the copper engraver—the hand of the engraver—as meeting the challenge of resistant and resilient matter in an exemplary fashion. Flocon was fascinated by Bachelard's unconventional approach to the sciences and his poetics. Together, their relationship interrogated and celebrated the interplay of hand and matter as it occurs in poetic writing, in the art of engraving, and in scientific experimentation. In the form of a double biography, Hans-Jörg Rheinberger succeeds in writing a lucid intellectual history and at the same time presents a fascinating illustrated reading of Flocon's copper engravings.
Art and philosophy --- Philosophy and art --- Philosophy --- Art --- History --- Flocon, Albert --- Bachelard, Gaston, --- Bachelard, Gaston --- Mentzel, Albert, --- Criticism and interpretation.
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Biology --- Knowledge, Theory of. --- Philosophy. --- History --- Methodology.
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Si le XIXe siècle a connu, dans la philosophie des sciences, l'ascension du positivisme, le XXe siècle a commencé par une crise de la pensée positiviste sans qu'une solution ou même une alternative se soient dessinées à l'horizon. Cette crise a donné lieu à une réflexion complexe sur les sciences, motivée par une approche sociohistorique. Consistant initialement à historiciser la philosophie des sciences, elle a abouti au développement de diverses formes d'épistémologie historique. Ce mouvement, qui s'est déployé tout au long du XXe siècle, est à situer dans le contexte de la dynamique des sciences et des évolutions sociales et culturelles de cette période. Cette introduction présente les positions les plus notables qui ont marqué ce procès d'historicisation de l'épistémologie. Elle parcourt ce mouvement, de ses premiers développements, en France et en Allemagne au XIXe siècle, à ses plus récentes formulations. Ce tour d'horizon offre une synthèse précise et claire d'un espace de réflexion qui n'a cessé de se diversifier, et qui, par sa pluralité, continue de fournir des outils conceptuels essentiels pour penser la science et son histoire.
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En quelques années, ce livre s'est imposé parmi les classiques de l'histoire des sciences. L'étude repose sur une description des dispositifs matériels que les scientifiques du xxe siècle appellent « systèmes expérimentaux ». À partir de ce concept, l'ouvrage établit une épistémologie de l'expérimentation moderne.
Philosophie des sciences --- Médecine --- Sciences --- Épistémologie. --- Sciences --- Sciences --- Philosophie --- Historiographie. --- Méthodologie. --- Expériences.
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