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Francois Recanati presents his theory of mental files, a new way of understanding reference in language and thought. He aims to recast the 'nondescriptivist' approach to reference that has dominated the philosophy of language and mind in the late twentieth century. According to Recanati, we refer through mental files, which play the role of so-called 'modes of presentation'. The reference of linguistic expressions is inherited from that of the files we associate with them. The reference of a file is determined relationally, not satisfactionally: so a file is not to be equated to the body of (mis)information it contains. Files are like singular terms in the language of thought, with a nondescriptivist semantics.In contrast to other philosophers, Recanati offers an indexical model according to which files are typed by their function, which is to store information derived through certain types of relation to objects in the environment. The type of the file corresponds to the type of contextual relation it exploits. Even detached files or 'encyclopedia entries' are based on epistemically rewarding relations to their referent, on Recanati's account. Among the topics discussed in this wide-ranging book are: acquaintance relations and singular thought; cognitive significance; the vehicle/content distinction; the nature of indexical concepts; co-reference de jure and judgments of identity; cognitive dynamics; recognitional and perceptual concepts; confused thought and the transparency requirement on modes of presentation; descriptive names and 'acquaintanceless' singular thought; the communication of indexical thoughts; two-dimensional defences of Descriptivism; the Generality Constraint; attitude ascriptions and the 'vicarious' use of mental files; first-person thinking; token-reflexivity in language and thought.

Philosophy of language --- Thought and thinking. --- Reference (Philosophy). --- Reference (Linguistics). --- Language and languages --- Philosophy of mind. --- Pensée --- Référence (Philosophie) --- Référence (Linguistique) --- Langage et langues --- Philosophie de l'esprit --- Philosophy. --- Philosophie --- Pensée --- Référence (Philosophie) --- Référence (Linguistique) --- Memory.

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Among the entities that can be mentally or linguistically represented are mental and linguistic representations themselves. That is, we can think and talk about speech and thought. This phenomenon is known as metarepresentation. An example is "Authors believe that people read books."In this book François Recanati discusses the structure of metarepresentation from a variety of perspectives. According to him, metarepresentations have a dual structure: their content includes the content of the object-representation (people reading books) as well as the "meta" part (the authors' belief). Rejecting the view that the object representation is mentioned rather than used, Recanati claims that since metarepresentations carry the content of the object representation, they must be about whatever the object representation is about. Metarepresentations are fundamentally transparent because they work by simulating the representation they are about.Topics covered in this wide-ranging work include the analysis of belief reports and talk about fiction, world shifting, opacity and substitutivity, quotation, the relation between direct and indirect discourse, context shifting, semantic pretense, and deference in language and thought.

Lexicology. Semantics --- Psycholinguistics --- Semantics --- Psycholinguistics. --- Sémantique --- Psycholinguistique --- Psychological aspects. --- Aspect psychologique --- Sémantique et psychologie --- 800:159.9 --- 801.56 --- 801.56 Syntaxis. Semantiek --- Syntaxis. Semantiek --- 800:159.9 Taalwetenschap. Taalkunde. Linguistiek-:-Psychologie: zie ook: Psychiatrie: n-{616.89-008} en n-{615.851} --- Taalwetenschap. Taalkunde. Linguistiek-:-Psychologie: zie ook: Psychiatrie: n-{616.89-008} en n-{615.851} --- Language, Psychology of --- Language and languages --- Psychology of language --- Speech --- Linguistics --- Psychology --- Thought and thinking --- Psychological aspects --- Psycholinguistique. --- Sémantique et psychologie. --- Representation (Philosophy) --- Semantics - Psychological aspects

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According to the dominant position among philosophers of language today, we can legitimately ascribe determinate contents (such as truth-conditions) to natural language sentences, independently of what the speaker actually means. This view contrasts with that held by ordinary language philosophers fifty years ago: according to them, speech acts, not sentences, are the primary bearers of content. François Recanati argues for the relevance of this controversy to the current debate about semantics and pragmatics. Is 'what is said' (as opposed to merely implied) determined by linguistic conventions, or is it an aspect of 'speaker's meaning'? Do we need pragmatics to fix truth-conditions? What is 'literal meaning'? To what extent is semantic composition a creative process? How pervasive is context-sensitivity? Recanati provides an original and insightful defence of 'contextualism', and offers an informed survey of the spectrum of positions held by linguists and philosophers working at the semantics/pragmatics interface.

Lexicology. Semantics --- Pragmatics --- Semantics. --- Semantics (Philosophy) --- Pragmatics. --- 801.56 --- Syntaxis. Semantiek --- Sémantique --- Sémantique (Philosophie) --- Pragmatique --- 801.56 Syntaxis. Semantiek --- Semantics (Philosophy). --- Sémantique --- Sémantique (Philosophie) --- Semantics --- Intension (Philosophy) --- Logical semantics --- Semantics (Logic) --- Semeiotics --- Significs --- Syntactics --- Unified science --- Language and languages --- Logic, Symbolic and mathematical --- Logical positivism --- Meaning (Psychology) --- Philosophy, Modern --- Semiotics --- Signs and symbols --- Symbolism --- Analysis (Philosophy) --- Definition (Philosophy) --- Formal semantics --- Semasiology --- Semiology (Semantics) --- Comparative linguistics --- Information theory --- Lexicology --- Pragmalinguistics --- General semantics --- Philosophy --- Sémantique (philosophie) --- Arts and Humanities

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Our thought and talk are situated. They do not take place in a vacuum but always in a context, and they always concern an external situation relative to which they are to be evaluated. Since that is so, Fran--ccedil--;ois Recanati argues, our linguistic and mental representations alike must be assigned two layers of content: the explicit content, or lekton, is relative and perspectival, while the complete content, which is absolute, involves contextual factors in addition towhat is explicitly represented. Far from reducing to the context-independent meaning of the sentence-type or, in the psyc

Lexicology. Semantics --- Philosophy of language --- Theory of knowledge --- Relativity. --- Relationism. --- Relativité --- Relationnisme --- Relativité --- Relationism --- Relativity --- Relativism --- Knowledge, Theory of --- Reality --- Existentialism --- Relation (Philosophy)

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In this book Professor Recanati sets out to defend and systematize the much-discussed 'theory of Direct Reference', according to which the contribution made by a referential term (e.g. a proper name or demonstrative) to the proposition expressed by the sentence where it occurs is its reference. To deal with the objections traditionally levelled against the theory he puts forward a general account of de re thoughts and their communication which blends insights from both the Fregean and the Russellian traditions. In the second part of the book recent advances in pragmatics are presented and used to shed light on the referential/attributive distinction (with respect to both definite descriptions and indexicals) and belief reports. New treatments of some of the major topics in the philosophy of mind and language are offered along the way.

Language and languages --- Pragmatics. --- Psycholinguistics --- Reference (Linguistics) --- Reference (Philosophy) --- Thought and thinking. --- Philosophy. --- -Pragmatics --- Thought and thinking --- Mind --- Thinking --- Thoughts --- Educational psychology --- Philosophy --- Psychology --- Intellect --- Logic --- Perception --- Self --- Referring, Theory of --- Theory of referring --- Signification (Linguistics) --- Linguistics --- Onomasiology --- Semantics --- Language, Psychology of --- Psychology of language --- Speech --- Pragmalinguistics --- General semantics --- Logic, Symbolic and mathematical --- Semantics (Philosophy) --- Foreign languages --- Languages --- Anthropology --- Communication --- Ethnology --- Information theory --- Meaning (Psychology) --- Philology --- Psychological aspects --- Reference (Philosophie) --- Referentie (Filosofie) --- Verwijzing (Filosofie) --- Verwijzing (Taalwetenschap) --- Référence (linguistique) --- Référence (philosophie) --- Reference (Linguistics). --- Cognitive psychology --- Philosophy of language --- Psycholinguistics. --- Reference (Philosophy). --- Pensée --- Psycholinguistique --- Philosophie du langage --- Pragmatique --- Pragmatics --- Langage et langues --- Référence (Linguistique) --- Référence (Philosophie) --- Pensée --- Philosophie --- Pragmatique. --- Pensée. --- Psycholinguistique. --- Philosophie du langage. --- Language and languages - Philosophy. --- Sémantique