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This book draws together a series of studies of spit geomorphology and temporal evolution from around the world. The volume offers some unique insights into how these landforms are examined scientifically and how we as humans impact them, offering a global perspective on spit genesis and evolution. Spits are unique natural environments whose evolution is linked to the adjacent coast and nearshore morphology, sediment supply, coastal dynamics and sea-level change. Over the past century, Global Mean Sea Level (GMSL) has risen by 10 to 20 centimetres and many coastal spits represent the first sentinel against coastal submersion. Scientific research indicates that sea levels worldwide have been rising at a rate of 3.5 millimetres per year since the early 1990s, roughly twice the average speed of the preceding 80 years. This trend, linked to global warming will undoubtedly cause major changes in spit morphology. Spits are highly mobile coastal landforms that respond rapidly to environmental change. They therefore represent a signature of past environmental change and provide a landform indicator of climate change.

Geography. --- Geomorphology. --- Geophysics/Geodesy. --- Coastal Sciences. --- Climate Change/Climate Change Impacts. --- Natural Hazards. --- Historical Geology. --- Geology. --- Physical geography. --- Géographie --- Géologie --- Géographie physique --- Sand. --- Gravel. --- Quartz sand --- Climate change. --- Historical geology. --- Geophysics. --- Natural disasters. --- Coasts. --- Aggregates (Building materials) --- Sediments (Geology) --- Geognosy --- Geoscience --- Earth sciences --- Natural history --- Geography --- Geology --- Natural calamities --- Disasters --- Changes, Climatic --- Changes in climate --- Climate change --- Climate change science --- Climate changes --- Climate variations --- Climatic change --- Climatic changes --- Climatic fluctuations --- Climatic variations --- Global climate changes --- Global climatic changes --- Climatology --- Climate change mitigation --- Teleconnections (Climatology) --- Coastal landforms --- Coastal zones --- Coastlines --- Landforms --- Seashore --- Geological physics --- Terrestrial physics --- Physics --- Geomorphic geology --- Physiography --- Physical geography --- Environmental aspects --- Global environmental change

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Agriculture, as the main source of alimentation and the most important economic activity globally, is being affected by the impacts of climate change. To maintain and increase our global food system production, to reduce biodiversity loss and preserve our natural ecosystem, new practices and technologies are required. This book focuses on the latest advances in remote sensing technology and agricultural engineering leading to the sustainable agriculture practices. Earth observation data, in situ and proxy-remote sensing data are the main source of information for monitoring and analyzing agriculture activities. Particular attention is given to earth observation satellites and the Internet of Things for data collection, to multispectral and hyperspectral data analysis using machine learning and deep learning, to WebGIS and the Internet of Things for sharing and publication of the results, among others.

Research & information: general --- Geography --- geographic information system (GIS) --- pocket beaches --- coastal management --- Interreg --- climate change --- remote sensing --- drone --- Sicily --- Malta --- Gozo --- Comino --- systematic literature review --- anomaly intrusion detection --- deep learning --- IoT --- resource constraint --- IDS --- evapotranspiration --- penman-monteith equation --- artificial neural network --- canopy conductance --- Ziz basin --- water quality --- satellite image analysis --- modeling approach --- nitrate --- dissolved oxygen --- chlorophyll a --- time series analysis --- environmental monitoring --- water extraction --- modified normalized difference water index (MNDWI) --- machine learning algorithm --- hyperspectral --- proximal sensing --- panicle initiation --- normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) --- green ring --- internode-elongation --- Sentinel 1 and 2 --- Copernicus Sentinels --- crop classification --- food security --- agricultural monitoring --- data analysis --- SAR --- random forest --- 3D bale wrapping method --- equal bale dimensions --- mathematical model --- minimal film consumption --- optimal bale dimensions --- round bales --- Sentinel-2 --- SVM --- RF --- Boufakrane River watershed --- irrigation requirements --- water resources --- sustainable land use --- agriculture --- invasive plants --- precision agriculture --- rice farming --- site-specific weed management --- nitrogen prediction --- 1D convolution neural networks --- cucumber --- crop yield improvement --- mango leaf --- CCA --- vein pattern --- leaf disease --- cubic SVM --- chlorophyll-a concentration --- transfer learning --- overfitting --- data augmentation --- guava disease --- plant disease detection --- crops diseases --- entropy --- features fusion --- machine learning --- object-based classification --- density estimation --- histogram --- land use --- crop fields --- soil tillage --- data fusion --- multispectral --- sensor --- probe --- temperature profile --- forest roads --- simulation --- autonomous robots --- smart agriculture --- environmental protection --- photogrammetry --- path planning --- internet of things --- modeling --- convolutional neural networks --- machine vision --- computer vision --- modular robot --- selective spraying --- vision-based crop and weed detection --- Faster R-CNN --- YOLOv5 --- band selection --- CNN --- NDVI --- hyperspectral imaging --- crops --- urban flood --- Sentinel-1a --- Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) --- 3D Convolutional Neural Network --- multi-temporal data --- land use classification --- GIS --- Coatzacoalcos --- algorithms --- clustering --- pest control --- site-specific --- virtual pests --- rice plant --- weed --- hyperspectral imagery --- sustainable agriculture --- green technologies --- Internet of Things --- natural resources --- sustainable environment --- IoT ecosystem --- hyperspectral remoting sensing --- crop mapping --- image classification --- deep transfer learning --- hyperparameter optimization --- metaheuristic --- soil attribute --- ordinary Kriging --- rational sampling numbers --- spatial heterogeneity --- sampling --- soil pH --- spatial variation --- ordinary kriging --- Land Use/Land Cover --- LISS-III --- Landsat --- Vision Transformer --- Bidirectional long-short term memory --- Google Earth Engine --- Explainable Artificial Intelligence

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Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with transportation activities account for approximately 20 percent of all carbon dioxide (co2) emissions globally, making the transportation sector a major contributor to the current global warming. This book focuses on the latest advances in technologies aiming at the sustainable future transportation of people and goods. A reduction in burning fossil fuel and technological transitions are the main approaches toward sustainable future transportation. Particular attention is given to automobile technological transitions, bike sharing systems, supply chain digitalization, and transport performance monitoring and optimization, among others.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- Environmental science, engineering & technology --- ANOVA-test --- clickbait news --- feature selection --- social network --- taxi demand --- forecasting --- multi-source data --- generative adversarial networks --- container ship traffic flow --- volatility --- generalized Hurst exponents --- long-range dependence --- multifractality --- city buses --- semi-Markov processes --- preventive maintenance --- corrective maintenance --- age-replacement --- minimal repair --- perfect repair --- profit per time unit --- availability --- railway transport --- passengers --- sustainable travel --- ARTIW method --- IHAMCI method --- MCDM --- facial recognition technology --- e-biker --- red-light running behavior --- privacy invasion --- content replacement --- content placement --- content-centric networking --- cache networks --- immaturity --- stretch reduction --- mineral exploration --- natural gamma-ray spectrometry --- ASTER --- fuzzy logic modelling --- Kelâat M’Gouna inlier --- Eastern Anti-Atlas --- Morocco --- collision avoidance --- fuzzy logic --- on board driver assistance --- semi-autonomous --- multi-factor --- VANET --- COVID-19 --- bike sharing system --- urban mobility --- regression analysis --- green transport --- continuous descent approach --- optimized profile descent --- climate change --- terminal maneuvering area --- environmental impact --- applied queueing theory --- air traffic management --- air transportation sustainability --- electric vehicle powertrain --- multispeed discrete transmission --- continuously variable transmission --- two-motors configuration --- four-motors configuration --- border crossings --- sentiments --- personal vehicles --- pedestrians --- US–Mexico --- Google Trends --- digitalization --- BPM --- business process model --- artificial intelligence --- big data --- virtual reality --- internet of things --- cloud computing --- digital security --- additive engineering --- smart cities --- Internet of Things (IoT) --- strategy --- monitoring --- transport equity --- distributional analysis --- accessibility --- space-time model --- transport policy --- OFDM --- LDACS --- aeronautical communication --- impulse noise --- pulse blanking --- ROAD statistics --- location planning --- vehicle scheduling --- electric buses --- charging stations --- partial charging --- human-machine interaction --- scenarios --- use cases --- remote operation --- highly automated vehicles --- user-centered design --- remote assistance --- remote driving --- bike-sharing system (BSS) --- mode choice --- stated choice experiment --- multinomial logit model --- transport demand model --- technological transitions --- automobiles --- system dynamics --- dynamical systems --- bifurcations

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• Reference Manager
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Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with transportation activities account for approximately 20 percent of all carbon dioxide (co2) emissions globally, making the transportation sector a major contributor to the current global warming. This book focuses on the latest advances in technologies aiming at the sustainable future transportation of people and goods. A reduction in burning fossil fuel and technological transitions are the main approaches toward sustainable future transportation. Particular attention is given to automobile technological transitions, bike sharing systems, supply chain digitalization, and transport performance monitoring and optimization, among others.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- Environmental science, engineering & technology --- ANOVA-test --- clickbait news --- feature selection --- social network --- taxi demand --- forecasting --- multi-source data --- generative adversarial networks --- container ship traffic flow --- volatility --- generalized Hurst exponents --- long-range dependence --- multifractality --- city buses --- semi-Markov processes --- preventive maintenance --- corrective maintenance --- age-replacement --- minimal repair --- perfect repair --- profit per time unit --- availability --- railway transport --- passengers --- sustainable travel --- ARTIW method --- IHAMCI method --- MCDM --- facial recognition technology --- e-biker --- red-light running behavior --- privacy invasion --- content replacement --- content placement --- content-centric networking --- cache networks --- immaturity --- stretch reduction --- mineral exploration --- natural gamma-ray spectrometry --- ASTER --- fuzzy logic modelling --- Kelâat M’Gouna inlier --- Eastern Anti-Atlas --- Morocco --- collision avoidance --- fuzzy logic --- on board driver assistance --- semi-autonomous --- multi-factor --- VANET --- COVID-19 --- bike sharing system --- urban mobility --- regression analysis --- green transport --- continuous descent approach --- optimized profile descent --- climate change --- terminal maneuvering area --- environmental impact --- applied queueing theory --- air traffic management --- air transportation sustainability --- electric vehicle powertrain --- multispeed discrete transmission --- continuously variable transmission --- two-motors configuration --- four-motors configuration --- border crossings --- sentiments --- personal vehicles --- pedestrians --- US–Mexico --- Google Trends --- digitalization --- BPM --- business process model --- artificial intelligence --- big data --- virtual reality --- internet of things --- cloud computing --- digital security --- additive engineering --- smart cities --- Internet of Things (IoT) --- strategy --- monitoring --- transport equity --- distributional analysis --- accessibility --- space-time model --- transport policy --- OFDM --- LDACS --- aeronautical communication --- impulse noise --- pulse blanking --- ROAD statistics --- location planning --- vehicle scheduling --- electric buses --- charging stations --- partial charging --- human-machine interaction --- scenarios --- use cases --- remote operation --- highly automated vehicles --- user-centered design --- remote assistance --- remote driving --- bike-sharing system (BSS) --- mode choice --- stated choice experiment --- multinomial logit model --- transport demand model --- technological transitions --- automobiles --- system dynamics --- dynamical systems --- bifurcations --- ANOVA-test --- clickbait news --- feature selection --- social network --- taxi demand --- forecasting --- multi-source data --- generative adversarial networks --- container ship traffic flow --- volatility --- generalized Hurst exponents --- long-range dependence --- multifractality --- city buses --- semi-Markov processes --- preventive maintenance --- corrective maintenance --- age-replacement --- minimal repair --- perfect repair --- profit per time unit --- availability --- railway transport --- passengers --- sustainable travel --- ARTIW method --- IHAMCI method --- MCDM --- facial recognition technology --- e-biker --- red-light running behavior --- privacy invasion --- content replacement --- content placement --- content-centric networking --- cache networks --- immaturity --- stretch reduction --- mineral exploration --- natural gamma-ray spectrometry --- ASTER --- fuzzy logic modelling --- Kelâat M’Gouna inlier --- Eastern Anti-Atlas --- Morocco --- collision avoidance --- fuzzy logic --- on board driver assistance --- semi-autonomous --- multi-factor --- VANET --- COVID-19 --- bike sharing system --- urban mobility --- regression analysis --- green transport --- continuous descent approach --- optimized profile descent --- climate change --- terminal maneuvering area --- environmental impact --- applied queueing theory --- air traffic management --- air transportation sustainability --- electric vehicle powertrain --- multispeed discrete transmission --- continuously variable transmission --- two-motors configuration --- four-motors configuration --- border crossings --- sentiments --- personal vehicles --- pedestrians --- US–Mexico --- Google Trends --- digitalization --- BPM --- business process model --- artificial intelligence --- big data --- virtual reality --- internet of things --- cloud computing --- digital security --- additive engineering --- smart cities --- Internet of Things (IoT) --- strategy --- monitoring --- transport equity --- distributional analysis --- accessibility --- space-time model --- transport policy --- OFDM --- LDACS --- aeronautical communication --- impulse noise --- pulse blanking --- ROAD statistics --- location planning --- vehicle scheduling --- electric buses --- charging stations --- partial charging --- human-machine interaction --- scenarios --- use cases --- remote operation --- highly automated vehicles --- user-centered design --- remote assistance --- remote driving --- bike-sharing system (BSS) --- mode choice --- stated choice experiment --- multinomial logit model --- transport demand model --- technological transitions --- automobiles --- system dynamics --- dynamical systems --- bifurcations