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This book examines the potential to deploy low-cost, three-dimensional printers known as RepRaps in developing countries to fabricate surgical instruments and medical supplies to combat the “global surgical burden of disease.” Approximately two billion people in developing countries around the world lack access to essential surgical services, resulting in the avoidable deaths of millions of individuals each year. A fundamental barrier that inhibits access to surgical care in these locations is the lack of basic surgical instruments and supplies in healthcare facilities. RepRap printers are highly versatile 3D printers assembled from basic, domestically sourced materials that can fabricate low-cost surgical instruments on-site, ultimately enhancing the interventional capacity of healthcare facilities to treat patients. Rather than focusing on one specific field of interest, this book takes an integrative approach that incorporates topics and methods from multiple disciplines ranging from global health and development economics to materials science and applied engineering. These topics include the feasibility of using bio-based plastics to fabricate surgical instruments via 3D printing sustainably, the application of "frugal innovation and engineering” in resource-poor settings, and analyses related to the social returns on investment, barriers to entry, and current and future medical device supply-chain paradigms. In taking a multi-disciplinary approach, the reader can gain a holistic understanding of the multiple facets related to implementing medical device innovations in developing countries.

Materials science. --- Health care management. --- Health services administration. --- Biomedical engineering. --- Public health. --- Biomaterials. --- Materials Science. --- Biomedical Engineering. --- Health Care Management. --- Public Health. --- Biomedical Engineering/Biotechnology. --- Biocompatible materials --- Biomaterials --- Medical materials --- Medicine --- Community health --- Health services --- Hygiene, Public --- Hygiene, Social --- Public health services --- Public hygiene --- Sanitary affairs --- Social hygiene --- Clinical engineering --- Medical engineering --- Health administration --- Health care administration --- Health care management --- Health sciences administration --- Health services management --- Medical care --- Material science --- Materials --- Administration --- Management --- Biomedical engineering --- Biocompatibility --- Prosthesis --- Health --- Human services --- Biosecurity --- Health literacy --- Medicine, Preventive --- National health services --- Sanitation --- Bioengineering --- Biophysics --- Engineering --- Health planning --- Public health administration --- Physical sciences --- Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering. --- Bioartificial materials --- Hemocompatible materials --- Biomaterials (Biomedical materials) --- Biomedical materials.

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This book examines the potential to deploy low-cost, three-dimensional printers known as RepRaps in developing countries to fabricate surgical instruments and medical supplies to combat the “global surgical burden of disease.” Approximately two billion people in developing countries around the world lack access to essential surgical services, resulting in the avoidable deaths of millions of individuals each year. A fundamental barrier that inhibits access to surgical care in these locations is the lack of basic surgical instruments and supplies in healthcare facilities. RepRap printers are highly versatile 3D printers assembled from basic, domestically sourced materials that can fabricate low-cost surgical instruments on-site, ultimately enhancing the interventional capacity of healthcare facilities to treat patients. Rather than focusing on one specific field of interest, this book takes an integrative approach that incorporates topics and methods from multiple disciplines ranging from global health and development economics to materials science and applied engineering. These topics include the feasibility of using bio-based plastics to fabricate surgical instruments via 3D printing sustainably, the application of "frugal innovation and engineering” in resource-poor settings, and analyses related to the social returns on investment, barriers to entry, and current and future medical device supply-chain paradigms. In taking a multi-disciplinary approach, the reader can gain a holistic understanding of the multiple facets related to implementing medical device innovations in developing countries.

General biophysics --- Human biochemistry --- Hygiene. Public health. Protection --- Biotechnology --- biologische materialen --- volksgezondheid --- medische biochemie --- 3D printen --- bio-engineering --- biomedische wetenschappen --- gezondheidszorg --- biotechnologie

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In this book, Nigeria, the most populous country in Africa and a region in the lowest income group per capita, is used to demonstrate the potential for healthcare reorganization and collaboration with the introduction of “successful” technologies centered around available, bio-compatible, and sustainable natural resources. Our book discusses three of the top killers of children under 5 years of age in Nigeria, pneumonia (20%), diarrheal diseases (15%), and traumatic injuries (4%). These conditions are used as examples to demonstrate the potential for improved pediatric outcomes with treatments engineered from sustainable and natural resources. Furthermore, this book outlines possible action items that can help drive economic growth, educational opportunities, collaborative outreach, and workforce productivity to build a healthy and sustainable community.  Medical technology in the industrialized world has seen rapid advancements leading to increased survival and greater patient outcomes. However, the development and implementation of these resources is not always applicable to regions in need of new and more basic ways to provide treatment. Moore’s Law, a paradigm that considers advancement synonymous with increased digitization and optimization of electronic processes, defines the history of technology. However, the functionality of advanced and “smart” technology is essentially useless in underdeveloped areas. These regions lack some of the basic requirements for innovative medical technologies to impact human health, such as electricity, access to spare parts, computer analysis tools, and network architecture. In addition, the poor physical infrastructure, insufficient management, and lack of technical culture are barriers for entry and sustainability of these technologies. Rather than importing medical devices from industrialized countries, we propose that the mindset and research focus for under developed areas must be on “successful” technologies. Simply put, these areas need technology that “gets the job done.”.

Materials science. --- Biomedical engineering. --- Health promotion. --- Development economics. --- Biomaterials. --- Materials Science. --- Health Promotion and Disease Prevention. --- Biomedical Engineering/Biotechnology. --- Biomedical Engineering. --- Development Economics. --- Biocompatible materials --- Biomaterials --- Medical materials --- Medicine --- Health promotion programs --- Health promotion services --- Promotion of health --- Wellness programs --- Clinical engineering --- Medical engineering --- Material science --- Materials --- Biomedical materials. --- Biomedical materials --- Economic aspects. --- Biomedical engineering --- Biocompatibility --- Prosthesis --- Medicine. --- Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering. --- Economics --- Economic development --- Bioengineering --- Biophysics --- Engineering --- Clinical sciences --- Medical profession --- Human biology --- Life sciences --- Medical sciences --- Pathology --- Physicians --- Health Workforce --- Bioartificial materials --- Hemocompatible materials --- Preventive health services --- Health education --- Biomaterials (Biomedical materials)

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• Reference Manager
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In this book, Nigeria, the most populous country in Africa and a region in the lowest income group per capita, is used to demonstrate the potential for healthcare reorganization and collaboration with the introduction of “successful” technologies centered around available, bio-compatible, and sustainable natural resources. Our book discusses three of the top killers of children under 5 years of age in Nigeria, pneumonia (20%), diarrheal diseases (15%), and traumatic injuries (4%). These conditions are used as examples to demonstrate the potential for improved pediatric outcomes with treatments engineered from sustainable and natural resources. Furthermore, this book outlines possible action items that can help drive economic growth, educational opportunities, collaborative outreach, and workforce productivity to build a healthy and sustainable community.  Medical technology in the industrialized world has seen rapid advancements leading to increased survival and greater patient outcomes. However, the development and implementation of these resources is not always applicable to regions in need of new and more basic ways to provide treatment. Moore’s Law, a paradigm that considers advancement synonymous with increased digitization and optimization of electronic processes, defines the history of technology. However, the functionality of advanced and “smart” technology is essentially useless in underdeveloped areas. These regions lack some of the basic requirements for innovative medical technologies to impact human health, such as electricity, access to spare parts, computer analysis tools, and network architecture. In addition, the poor physical infrastructure, insufficient management, and lack of technical culture are barriers for entry and sustainability of these technologies. Rather than importing medical devices from industrialized countries, we propose that the mindset and research focus for under developed areas must be on “successful” technologies. Simply put, these areas need technology that “gets the job done.”.

Economic conditions. Economic development --- Developing countries: economic development problems --- General biophysics --- Human biochemistry --- Hygiene. Public health. Protection --- Human medicine --- Biotechnology --- biologische materialen --- medische biochemie --- preventieve gezondheidszorg --- bio-engineering --- duurzaamheid --- biomedische wetenschappen --- geneeskunde --- ontwikkelingssamenwerking --- gezondheidspromotie --- biotechnologie --- duurzame ontwikkeling