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This book explores the various historical and cultural aspects of scientific, medical and technical exchanges that occurred between central Europe and Asia. A number of papers investigate the printing, gunpowder, guncasting, shipbuilding, metallurgical and drilling technologies while others deal with mapping techniques, the adoption of written calculation and mechanical clocks as well as the use of medical techniques such as pulse taking and electrotherapy. While human mobility played a significant role in the exchange of knowledge, translating European books into local languages helped the introduction of new knowledge in mathematical, physical and natural sciences from central Europe to its periphery and to the Middle East and Asian cultures. The book argues that the process of transmission of knowledge whether theoretical or practical was not a simple and one-way process from the donor to the receiver as it is often admitted, but a multi-dimensional and complex cultural process of selection and transformation where ancient scientific and local traditions and elements. The book explores the issue from a different geopolitical perspective, namely not focusing on a singular recipient and several points of distribution, namely the metropolitan centres of science, medicine, and technology, but on regions that are both recipients and distributors and provides new perspectives based on newly investigated material for historical studies on the cross scientific exchanges between different parts of the world.

Diffusion of innovations. --- Medicine. --- Science -- History. --- Science -- Philosophy. --- Diffusion of innovations --- Science --- Medicine --- History --- Natural Science Disciplines --- Communication --- Technology --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Technology, Industry, and Agriculture --- Humanities --- Information Science --- Technology, Industry, Agriculture --- Technology Transfer --- Diffusion of Innovation --- History of Medicine --- History & Archaeology --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- History - General --- Sciences - General --- Philosophy --- Technology transfer --- History. --- Europe --- Asia --- Intellectual life. --- Technological transfer --- Transfer of technology --- Applied science --- Arts, Useful --- Science, Applied --- Useful arts --- Natural science --- Science of science --- Sciences --- Asian and Pacific Council countries --- Philosophy and science. --- Computers. --- History of Science. --- History of Medicine. --- History, general. --- Philosophy of Science. --- History of Computing. --- Eastern Hemisphere --- Eurasia --- Inventions --- Research, Industrial --- Technology and international relations --- Foreign licensing agreements --- Technological forecasting --- Technological innovations --- Industrial arts --- Material culture --- International cooperation --- Computer science. --- Philosophy. --- Informatics --- Normal science --- Philosophy of science --- Clinical sciences --- Medical profession --- Human biology --- Life sciences --- Medical sciences --- Pathology --- Physicians --- Annals --- Auxiliary sciences of history --- Health Workforce --- Medicine—History. --- Automatic computers --- Automatic data processors --- Computer hardware --- Computing machines (Computers) --- Electronic brains --- Electronic calculating-machines --- Electronic computers --- Hardware, Computer --- Computer systems --- Cybernetics --- Machine theory --- Calculators --- Cyberspace --- Science and philosophy

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This book explores the various historical and cultural aspects of scientific, medical and technical exchanges that occurred between central Europe and Asia. A number of papers investigate the printing, gunpowder, guncasting, shipbuilding, metallurgical and drilling technologies while others deal with mapping techniques, the adoption of written calculation and mechanical clocks as well as the use of medical techniques such as pulse taking and electrotherapy. While human mobility played a significant role in the exchange of knowledge, translating European books into local languages helped the introduction of new knowledge in mathematical, physical and natural sciences from central Europe to its periphery and to the Middle East and Asian cultures. The book argues that the process of transmission of knowledge whether theoretical or practical was not a simple and one-way process from the donor to the receiver as it is often admitted, but a multi-dimensional and complex cultural process of selection and transformation where ancient scientific and local traditions and elements. The book explores the issue from a different geopolitical perspective, namely not focusing on a singular recipient and several points of distribution, namely the metropolitan centres of science, medicine, and technology, but on regions that are both recipients and distributors and provides new perspectives based on newly investigated material for historical studies on the cross scientific exchanges between different parts of the world.

History --- geneeskunde --- Computer. Automation --- Science --- Theory of knowledge --- computergeschiedenis --- wetenschappen --- epistomologie --- geschiedenis --- Philosophy of science --- wetenschapsgeschiedenis --- Pure sciences. Natural sciences (general) --- epistemologists --- History of human medicine --- wetenschap --- Asia --- Europe --- Diffusion of innovations --- Medicine --- Normal science --- Health Workforce --- Innovations, Diffusion of --- Acculturation --- Communication --- Culture diffusion --- Technological innovations --- Philosophy

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This book presents the proceedings from ECONOPHYS-2015, an international workshop held in New Delhi, India, on the interrelated fields of “econophysics” and “sociophysics”, which have emerged from the application of statistical physics to economics and sociology. Leading researchers from varied communities, including economists, sociologists, financial analysts, mathematicians, physicists, statisticians, and others, report on their recent work, discuss topical issues, and review the relevant contemporary literature. A society can be described as a group of people who inhabit the same geographical or social territory and are mutually involved through their shared participation in different aspects of life. It is possible to observe and characterize average behaviors of members of a society, an example being voting behavior. Moreover, the dynamic nature of interaction within any economic sector comprising numerous cooperatively interacting agents has many features in common with the interacting systems of statistical physics. It is on these bases that interest has grown in the application within sociology and economics of the tools of statistical mechanics. This book will be of value for all with an interest in this flourishing field.

Physics. --- Statistics. --- Data-driven Science, Modeling and Theory Building. --- Statistics for Engineering, Physics, Computer Science, Chemistry and Earth Sciences. --- Applications of Graph Theory and Complex Networks. --- Statistical analysis --- Statistical data --- Statistical methods --- Statistical science --- Natural philosophy --- Philosophy, Natural --- Econophysics. --- Sociophysics. --- Mathematics --- Econometrics --- Mathematical sociology --- Statistical physics --- Economics --- Statistics . --- Physical sciences --- Dynamics

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