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This book fills in a gap in the NO literature. Recent progress in the field of NO-biology shows that NO is generated within distinct cell compartments, including specific plasma membrane regions, mitochondria, chloroplasts, peroxisomes, the Golgi-complex and intracellular membrane systems. NO synthesis plays specific roles in these compartments and, in turn, cell organelles also control intracellular NO levels. This monograph focuses on the roles played by the subcellular NO-signaling microdomains in the prokaryote-, fungus-, plant- and animal cells and shows how NO behaves as an intracellular signal in distinct cellular environments. This monograph also provides a summary of our knowledge on how NO synthesis came through evolution to be associated with organelles and subcellular compartments. Promotes the novel ideas that some functions of NO and its associations with subcellular units have been conserved during the evolution of the cell. A special chapter is dedicated to the biomedical relevance of subcellular NO synthesis, and this chapter also discusses the evidence that altered compartmentalization of NO-producing enzymes causes disease.
Nitric oxide -- Physiological effect. --- Nitrous oxide. --- Nitric oxide --- Cell organelles --- Cell physiology --- Botany --- Earth & Environmental Sciences --- Plant Physiology --- Physiological effect --- Physiological effect. --- Pathophysiology. --- Endothelial relaxing factor --- Endothelium-derived relaxing factors --- Nitrogen oxide --- Medicine. --- Molecular biology. --- Biochemistry. --- Plant biochemistry. --- Cell biology. --- Zoology. --- Biomedicine. --- Biomedicine general. --- Molecular Medicine. --- Cell Biology. --- Animal Biochemistry. --- Plant Biochemistry. --- Neurotransmitters --- Nitrogen compounds --- Oxides --- Cytology. --- Biology --- Natural history --- Animals --- Biological chemistry --- Chemical composition of organisms --- Organisms --- Physiological chemistry --- Chemistry --- Medical sciences --- Cell biology --- Cellular biology --- Cells --- Cytologists --- Clinical sciences --- Medical profession --- Human biology --- Life sciences --- Pathology --- Physicians --- Composition --- Health Workforce --- Biomedicine, general. --- Phytochemistry --- Plant biochemistry --- Plant chemistry --- Biochemistry --- Phytochemicals --- Plant biochemical genetics --- Molecular biochemistry --- Molecular biophysics --- Biophysics --- Biomolecules --- Systems biology
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Macrophages are core components of the innate immune system. Once activated, they may have either pro- or anti-inflammatory effects that include pathogen killing, safe disposal of apoptotic cells or tissue renewal. The activation state of macrophages is conceptualized by the so-called M1/M2 model of polarization. M2 macrophages are not simply antagonists of M1 macrophages; rather, they represent a network of tissue resident macrophages with roles in tissue development and organ homeostasis. M2 macrophages govern functions at the interfaces of immunity, tissue development and turnover, metabolism, and endocrine signaling. Dysfunction in M2 macrophages can ruin the healthy interplay between the immune system and metabolic processes, and lead to diseases such as insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus. Furthermore, M2 macrophages are essential for healthy tissue development and immunological self-tolerance. Worryingly, these functions of M2 macrophages can also be disrupted, resulting in tumor growth and autoimmunity. This book comprehensively discusses the biology of M2 macrophages, summarizes the current state of knowledge, and highlights key questions that remain unanswered.
Immunology. --- Cell biology. --- Lipids. --- Infectious diseases. --- Human physiology. --- Cell Biology. --- Lipidology. --- Infectious Diseases. --- Human Physiology. --- Human biology --- Medical sciences --- Physiology --- Human body --- Lipides --- Lipins --- Lipoids --- Biomolecules --- Steroids --- Cell biology --- Cellular biology --- Biology --- Cells --- Cytologists --- Immunobiology --- Life sciences --- Serology --- Macrophages. --- Histiocytes --- Mononuclear phagocytes --- Antigen presenting cells --- Connective tissue cells --- Killer cells --- Phagocytes --- Reticulo-endothelial system --- Communicable diseases. --- Infection.
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Histology. Cytology --- Molecular biology --- Animal biochemistry --- Zoology --- Human biochemistry --- Biochemical engineering --- medische biochemie --- biochemie --- cytologie --- histologie --- zoölogie --- planten --- moleculaire biologie
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This book fills in a gap in the NO literature. Recent progress in the field of NO-biology shows that NO is generated within distinct cell compartments, including specific plasma membrane regions, mitochondria, chloroplasts, peroxisomes, the Golgi-complex and intracellular membrane systems. NO synthesis plays specific roles in these compartments and, in turn, cell organelles also control intracellular NO levels. This monograph focuses on the roles played by the subcellular NO-signaling microdomains in the prokaryote-, fungus-, plant- and animal cells and shows how NO behaves as an intracellular signal in distinct cellular environments. This monograph also provides a summary of our knowledge on how NO synthesis came through evolution to be associated with organelles and subcellular compartments. Promotes the novel ideas that some functions of NO and its associations with subcellular units have been conserved during the evolution of the cell. A special chapter is dedicated to the biomedical relevance of subcellular NO synthesis, and this chapter also discusses the evidence that altered compartmentalization of NO-producing enzymes causes disease.
Histology. Cytology --- Molecular biology --- Animal biochemistry --- Zoology --- Human biochemistry --- Biochemical engineering --- medische biochemie --- biochemie --- cytologie --- histologie --- zoölogie --- planten --- moleculaire biologie
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Histology. Cytology --- General biochemistry --- Immunology. Immunopathology --- Human physiology --- Infectious diseases. Communicable diseases --- immunologie --- lipiden --- besmettelijke ziekten --- fysiologie --- cytologie --- histologie
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