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This book discusses issues relating to the application of AI and computational modelling in criminal proceedings from a European perspective. Part one provides a definition of the topics. Rather than focusing on policing or prevention of crime – largely tackled by recent literature – it explores ways in which AI can affect the investigation and adjudication of crime. There are two main areas of application: the first is evidence gathering, which is addressed in Part two. This section examines how traditional evidentiary law is affected by both new ways of investigation – based on automated processes (often using machine learning) – and new kinds of evidence, automatically generated by AI instruments. Drawing on the comprehensive case law of the European Court of Human Rights, it also presents reflections on the reliability and, ultimately, the admissibility of such evidence. Part three investigates the second application area: judicial decision-making, providing an unbiased review of the meaning, benefits, and possible long-term effects of ‘predictive justice’ in the criminal field. It highlights the prediction of both violent behaviour, or recidivism, and future court decisions, based on precedents. Touching on the foundations of common law and civil law traditions, the book offers insights into the usefulness of ‘prediction’ in criminal proceedings.

Criminal law --- Private international law. --- Conflict of laws. --- Mass media. --- Law. --- Computers. --- Law and legislation. --- European Criminal Law. --- Private International Law, International & Foreign Law, Comparative Law . --- IT Law, Media Law, Intellectual Property. --- Legal Aspects of Computing. --- European Union countries. --- Automatic computers --- Automatic data processors --- Computer hardware --- Computing machines (Computers) --- Electronic brains --- Electronic calculating-machines --- Electronic computers --- Hardware, Computer --- Computer systems --- Cybernetics --- Machine theory --- Calculators --- Cyberspace --- Acts, Legislative --- Enactments, Legislative --- Laws (Statutes) --- Legislative acts --- Legislative enactments --- Jurisprudence --- Legislation --- Mass communication --- Media, Mass --- Media, The --- Communication --- Choice of law --- Conflict of laws --- Intermunicipal law --- International law, Private --- International private law --- Private international law --- Law --- Legal polycentricity --- Civil law --- Intel·ligència artificial --- Investigació criminal --- Països de la Unió Europea --- Investigació de delictes --- Investigació policial --- Policia judicial --- Procediment penal --- Criminalística --- Interrogatori policial --- Persones desaparegudes --- Prova penal --- Detecció del maltractament infantil --- Detectius --- Identificació de l'escriptura --- Intervenció de les comunicacions --- Ciència cognitiva --- Mètodes de simulació --- Processament de dades --- Sistemes autoorganitzatius --- Aprenentatge automàtic --- Demostració automàtica de teoremes --- Intel·ligència artificial distribuïda --- Intel·ligència computacional --- Sistemes adaptatius --- Tractament del llenguatge natural (Informàtica) --- Raonament qualitatiu --- Representació del coneixement (Teoria de la informació) --- Sistemes de pregunta i resposta --- Traducció automàtica --- Visió per ordinador --- Xarxes neuronals (Informàtica) --- Xarxes semàntiques (Teoria de la informació) --- Agents intel·ligents (Programes d'ordinador) --- Programació per restriccions --- Vida artificial --- Unió Europea, Països de la --- Europa --- Alemanya --- Àustria --- Bèlgica --- Dinamarca --- Espanya --- Finlàndia --- França --- Gran Bretanya --- Grècia --- Irlanda --- Itàlia --- Luxemburg --- Països Baixos --- Portugal --- Suècia --- Operacions policials encobertes

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This book presents a comprehensive analysis of personal participation in criminal proceedings and in absentia trials. Going beyond the accused-centred perspective of default proceedings, it not only examines the consequences of absence in various types of criminal proceedings, but also the fair trial safeguards allowing personal contributions during trials, as well as in pre-trial inquiries, higher instances and transborder procedures. By pursuing an interdisciplinary approach and employing comparative-law methodologies, the book presents a cross-section of twelve European criminal justice systems with regard to the requirements set forth by constitutional, international and EU law. .

Criminal justice, Administration of. --- Criminal Law. --- Private International Law, International & Foreign Law, Comparative Law . --- Criminal Justice. --- European Law. --- International Criminal Law . --- Criminal Law and Criminal Procedure Law. --- Crime --- Crimes and misdemeanors --- Criminals --- Law, Criminal --- Penal codes --- Penal law --- Pleas of the crown --- Public law --- Criminal justice, Administration of --- Criminal procedure --- Administration of criminal justice --- Justice, Administration of --- Criminal law --- Law and legislation --- Legal status, laws, etc. --- Private international law. --- Conflict of laws. --- Law—Europe. --- International criminal law. --- Criminal law. --- Criminal law, International --- ICL (International criminal law) --- International law --- Criminal jurisdiction --- International crimes --- Choice of law --- Conflict of laws --- Intermunicipal law --- International law, Private --- International private law --- Private international law --- Law --- Legal polycentricity --- Civil law

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European law --- International private law --- Criminal law. Criminal procedure --- Law --- Mass communications --- Computer. Automation --- computers --- strafrecht --- massamedia --- wetgeving --- recht --- internationaal privaatrecht

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La vague d'attentats terroristes qui se sont succédés en Europe depuis novembre 2015 a révélé des lacunes dans l'échange de données policières au sein de l'Union européenne. Pourtant, les dispositifs d'échange de données au sein de l'Union sont nombreux et perfectionnés. L'objet de cet ouvrage est d'analyser le fonctionnement des différents mécanismes existants permettant l'échange d'informations, non seulement entre les autorités policières, mais d'une manière plus large dans le cadre de l'Espace de liberté, de sécurité et de justice de l'Union européenne. Il convient à cette occasion de réfléchir à l'efficacité des systèmes existants afin de pouvoir identifier des moyens d'améliorer leur fonctionnement et surtout leur utilisation effective par les autorités compétentes. Le second volet de la réflexion consiste à mettre en exergue les contraintes en matière de légitimité qu'implique l'échange d'information au sein de l'Espace de liberté, de sécurité et de justice. Les données échangées sont souvent des données sensibles dont le traitement peut porter atteinte à la vie privée. Le droit à la protection des données à caractère personnel dans ce domaine a une importance particulière, mais subit aussi des limitations qu'il convient d'identifier et éventuellement de justifier.

Entraide judiciaire européenne --- Échange électronique d'information --- Sécurité internationale --- Union européenne --- Protection de l'information (informatique) --- Droit européen --- Union européenne. --- Entraide judiciaire européenne. --- Échange électronique d'information. --- Sécurité internationale. --- Droit européen. --- Union européenne.