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Scorpions have fascinated humans for a long time, first and foremost because of the harm the sting of a few species could cause but also due to their unique natural history and for the many biologically active compounds found in their venoms. This volume of the Toxinology handbook series covers all those aspects. The subjects are divided into seven sections starting with an introduction to the general aspects of scorpion biology and ecology, followed by the description of the “envenomation” pathophysiology, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of venoms and their complex interactions with the immune system. The future of anti-scorpion venom therapy is then covered in two chapters dedicated to alternatives to the century-old techniques currently used to produce “anti-venoms”. The next section presents a world tour of “scorpionism” and dangerous scorpion species and their impact on human health. It is worth remembering that envenomation due to scorpion stings is a substantial health hazard in Asian, Middle Eastern, African, and Latin American countries, with over one million people stung by scorpions every year, resulting in more than 3,000 deaths. Species-centered overviews of “scorpion venoms” are presented in the next section, after which a section details the two main types of “scorpion toxins”. The last section covers high-throughput transcriptome and proteome screenings now known as “venomics”.   This volume provides chapters that are accessible to a broad audience, yet also contains the depth of knowledge and detail which makes it of interest to experts in the field. Readers of this reference work will leave well informed on the current state of the art of scorpion venom research.

Biomedicine. --- Biomedicine general. --- Pharmacology/Toxicology. --- Pharmaceutical Sciences/Technology. --- Life Sciences, general. --- Animal Biochemistry. --- Animal Physiology. --- Medicine. --- Toxicology. --- Pharmaceutical technology. --- Life sciences. --- Biochemistry. --- Médecine --- Toxicologie --- Techniques pharmaceutiques --- Sciences de la vie --- Biochimie --- Biological chemistry --- Chemical composition of organisms --- Organisms --- Physiological chemistry --- Biosciences --- Sciences, Life --- Pharmaceutical laboratory techniques --- Pharmaceutical laboratory technology --- Technology, Pharmaceutical --- Chemicals --- Animal physiology --- Animals --- Clinical sciences --- Medical profession --- Composition --- Toxicology --- Physiology --- Pharmacology. --- Animal physiology. --- Biology --- Chemistry --- Medical sciences --- Science --- Technology --- Human biology --- Life sciences --- Pathology --- Physicians --- Anatomy --- Drug effects --- Medical pharmacology --- Chemotherapy --- Drugs --- Pharmacy --- Physiological effect --- Medicine --- Pharmacology --- Poisoning --- Poisons --- Health Workforce --- Biomedicine, general.

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In recent years, the field of Toxinology has expanded substantially. On the one hand it studies venomous animals, plants and micro organisms in detail to understand their mode of action on targets. While on the other, it explores the biochemical composition, genomics and proteomics of toxins and venoms to understand their three interaction with life forms (especially humans), development of antidotes and exploring their pharmacological potential. Therefore, Toxinology has deep linkages with biochemistry, molecular biology, anatomy and pharmacology. In addition, there is a fast developing applied subfield, clinical toxinology, which deals with understanding and managing medical effects of toxins on human body. Given the huge impact of toxin-based deaths globally, and the potential of venom in generation of drugs for so-far incurable diseases (for example, Diabetes, Chronic Pain), the continued research and growth of the field is imminent. This has led to the growth of research in the area and the consequent scholarly output by way of publications in journals and books. Despite this ever growing body of literature within biomedical sciences, there is still no all-inclusive reference work available that collects all of the important biochemical, biomedical and clinical insights relating to Toxinology. The Handbook of Toxinology aims to address this gap and cover the field of Toxinology comprehensively.

General biochemistry --- Biology --- Animal physiology. Animal biophysics --- History of human medicine --- Pharmacology. Therapy --- Human medicine --- farmacologie --- biochemie --- biologie --- geneeskunde --- fysiologie --- zoölogie