Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Why are independent courts rarely found in emerging democracies? This book moves beyond familiar obstacles, such as an inhospitable legal legacy and formal institutions that expose judges to political pressure. It proposes a strategic pressure theory, which claims that in emerging democracies, political competition eggs on rather than restrains power-hungry politicians. Incumbents who are losing their grip on power try to use the courts to hang on, which leads to the politicization of justice. The analysis uses four original datasets, containing 1,000 decisions by Russian and Ukrainian lower courts from 1998 to 2004. The main finding is that justice is politicized in both countries, but in the more competitive regime (Ukraine) incumbents leaned more forcefully on the courts and obtained more favorable rulings.

Judicial independence --- Independence of the judiciary --- Independent judiciary --- Judicial power --- Separation of powers --- Law --- General and Others

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

In February 2022, Russian missiles rained on Ukrainian cities, and tanks rolled towards Kyiv to end Ukrainian independent statehood. President Zelensky declined a Western evacuation offer and Ukrainians rallied to defend their country. What are the roots of this war, which has upended the international legal order and brought back the spectre of nuclear escalation? How did these supposedly "brotherly peoples" become each other's worst nightmare? In Russia and Ukraine: Entangled Histories, Diverging States, Maria Popova and Oxana Shevel explain how since 1991 Russia and Ukraine diverged politically, ending up on a collision course. Russia slid back into authoritarianism and imperialism, while Ukraine consolidated a competitive political system and pro-European identity. As Ukraine built a democratic nation-state, Russia refused to accept it and came to see it as an "anti-Russia" project. After political and economic pressure proved ineffective, and even counterproductive, Putin went to war to force Ukraine back into the fold of the "Russian world." Ukraine resisted, determined to pursue European integration as a sovereign state. These irreconcilable goals, rather than geopolitical wrangling between Russia and the West over NATO expansion, are - the authors argue - essential to understanding Russia's war on Ukraine." --

Russian Invasion of Ukraine, 2022 --- Ukraine --- Russia (Federation) --- Foreign relations --- International relations. Foreign policy --- Polemology --- Russia --- RUSSIAN INVASION OF UKRAINE--2022 --- UKRAINE--FOREIGN RELATIONS--RUSSIA (FEDERATION) --- RUSSIA (FEDERATION)--FOREIGN RELATIONS--UKRAINE --- DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS --- RUSSIA (FEDERATION) --- UKRAINE

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Women in science --- Women and the arts --- History. --- History.

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Dit boek biedt een groot repertorium praktische, in de klas geteste extra activiteiten, allemaal uitgelegd en georganiseerd op een duidelijke manier.Het boek is verdeeld in 4 onderdelen: conversatie, functionele vaardigheden, grammatica en woordenschat.

Didactic strategies --- Didactics of languages

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

In these pages, some of today's most wonderful culture-makers-writers, artists, scientists, entrepreneurs, and philosophers-reflect on the joys of reading, how books broaden and deepen human experience, and the ways in which the written word has formed their own character. On the page facing each letter, an illustration by a celebrated illustrator or graphic artist presents that artist's visual response. Among the diverse contributions are letters from Jane Goodall, Neil Gaiman, Jerome Bruner, Shonda Rhimes, Ursula K. Le Guin, Yo-Yo Ma, Judy Blume, Lena Dunham, Elizabeth Gilbert, and Jacqueline Woodson, as well as a ninety-eight-year-old Holocaust survivor, a pioneering oceanographer, and Italy's first woman in space. Some of the illustrators, cartoonists, and graphic designers involved are Marianne Dubuc, Sean Qualls, Oliver Jeffers, Maira Kalman, Mo Willems, Isabelle Arsenault, Chris Ware, Liniers, Shaun Tan, Tomi Ungerer, and Art Spiegelman. This project is woven entirely of goodwill, generosity of spirit, and a shared love of books. Everyone involved has donated their time, and all profits will go to the New York Public Library systems. Edited and introduced byMaria Popova, who has been writing since 2006 about what she reads on BrainPickings (brainpickings.org), which is now included in the Library of Congress archiveof culturally valuable materials; Edited by Claudia Bedrick, publisher, editorialand art director of Enchanted Lion Books.

kunst --- poëzie --- literatuur --- Literature --- lezen --- leesbevordering --- books --- reading [activity] --- Graphic arts --- illustrations [layout features]