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One of the key shifts in contemporary politics is the trend towards greater personalization. Citizens are slowly dealigning from collective actors such as political parties, and individual politicians are therefore growing in importance in elections, government, parties, and the media. But is this trend also changing the institutional architecture of contemporary democracy itself? This book shows that the trend towards personalization is indeed changing core democratic institutions. Studying the evolution of electoral systems in thirty-one European democracies since 1945, it demonstrate that, since the 1990s, there has been a shift towards more personalized rules. Electoral systems in most European countries now allow voters to express preferences for candidates, not just for political parties. And the weight of these voters’ preferences in the allocation of seats has been increased in numerous countries. Through mixed quantitative and qualitative methods, the book examines the drivers of this evolution, finding that the personalization of electoral systems is associated with the growing gap between citizens and politics. Politicians perceive the personalization of electoral systems as a way to address the democratic malaise and thereby restore trust in politics. The book also shows, however, that whether these reforms have had any success in achieving their aims is far less clear.

Political psychology --- Elections --- Psychologie politique --- Psychological aspects --- Aspect psychologique --- Political psychology. --- #SBIB:324H42 --- #SBIB:324H41 --- Electoral politics --- Franchise --- Polls --- Political science --- Politics, Practical --- Plebiscite --- Political campaigns --- Representative government and representation --- Mass political behavior --- Political behavior --- Psychology, Political --- Psychology --- Social psychology --- Psychological aspects. --- Politieke structuren: verkiezingen --- Politieke structuren: elite --- Political parties --- Political systems --- Political sociology --- Elections - Psychological aspects

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Political parties --- Political leadership --- Cabinet system --- Comparative government --- Partis politiques --- Leadership politique --- Cabinet --- Institutions politiques comparées --- Political parties. --- Political leadership. --- Cabinet system. --- Comparative government. --- Institutions politiques comparées

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This book explores the ways in which political parties, in contemporary parliamentary democracies, choose their leaders and then subsequently hold them accountable. The authors provide a comprehensive examination of party leadership selection and accountability both through examination of parties and countries in different institutional settings and through a holistic analysis of the role of party leaders and the methods through which they assume, and exit, the office" This book explores the ways in which political parties, in contemporary parliamentary democracies, choose their leaders and then subsequently hold them accountable. The authors provide a comprehensive examination of party leadership selection and accountability both through examination of parties and countries in different institutional settings and through a holistic analysis of the role of party leaders and the methods through which they assume, and exit, the office. The collection includes essays on Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Germany, Hungary, Israel, Italy, Portugal, Romania, Spain, Norway and the United Kingdom which have important differences in their party systems, their degree of democratization, the role assigned to party leaders and their methods of leadership selection. Each country examination provides significant data relating to party rules and norms of leadership selection, leadership tenures and leadership contests. The book concludes with a chapter that merges the country data analyses to provide a truly comparative examination of the theoretical questions underlying the volume.This book will be of strong interest to students and scholars of legislative studies, elections, democracy, political parties, party systems, political elites and comparative politics"

Political parties --- Political sociology --- POLITICAL SCIENCE / General. --- POLITICAL SCIENCE / Government / Comparative. --- Cabinet system. --- Cabinet --- Cabinet system --- Dirigeants politiques --- Régimes parlementaires --- POLITICAL SCIENCE / General --- POLITICAL SCIENCE / Government / Comparative --- Cabinet government --- Comparative. --- Political parties. --- Political leadership. --- #SBIB:324H41 --- #SBIB:324H43 --- Parliamentary government --- Parties, Political --- Party systems, Political --- Political party systems --- Politieke structuren: elite --- Politieke structuren: politieke partijen --- Political leadership --- Political science --- Divided government --- Intra-party disagreements (Political parties) --- Political conventions --- Leadership --- Representative government and representation --- General. --- Government --- Partis politiques --- Leadership politique --- Partis politiques. --- Dirigeants politiques. --- Régimes parlementaires.

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