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This is the first comprehensive study of the sources and nature of classical Japanese kingship and state formation. To draw new insights from the rich body of extant documents and artifacts from early Japan, the author employs the analytical tools of recent Western historiography and anthropology, constructing an 'archeology of kingship' that begins by exposing the roots of Japanese monarchy in third-century chieftaincy. The book then traces sovereignty and polity through seven historical epochs to the archipelago's earliest state formation, Nihon. The book culminates in an account of the reign of the mid-eighth-century monarch Shomu, who represented the zenith of Japanese kingship. Although the forms of classical Japanese kingship - court, treasury, dynasty, and realm - continued to develop in subsequent centuries, all assumed their basic form in the age of Shomu.

J4620 --- J1730 --- J4600.10 --- Emperors --- -Mythology, Japanese --- State, The --- Administration --- Commonwealth, The --- Sovereignty --- Political science --- Japanese mythology --- Rulers --- Sovereigns --- Heads of state --- Kings and rulers --- Monarchy --- Japan: Politics and law -- state --- Japan: Religion in general -- mythology --- Japan: Politics and law -- history -- earliest and premodern --- Japan --- History --- -Kings and rulers. --- Mythology, Japanese. --- State, The. --- Kings and rulers. --- Mythology, Japanese --- Japanese emperors

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J4600.30 --- J3330 --- Japan: Politics and law -- history -- Heian period (794-1185) --- Japan: History -- Kodai -- Heian period (794-1185) --- Fujiwara, Tadahira, --- Japan --- Officials and employees --- Court and courtiers. --- History --- Fujiwara no Tadahira --- Teishin Kō --- 蕂原忠平, --- 藤原忠平,

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Representing an unprecedented collaboration among international scholars from Asia, Europe, and the United States, this volume rewrites the history of East Asia by rethinking the contentious relationship between Confucianism and women. The authors discuss the absence of women in the Confucian canonical tradition and examine the presence of women in politics, family, education, and art in premodern China, Korea, and Japan. What emerges is a concept of Confucianism that is dynamic instead of monolithic in shaping the cultures of East Asian societies. As teachers, mothers, writers, and rulers, women were active agents in this process. Neither rebels nor victims, these women embraced aspects of official norms while resisting others. The essays present a powerful image of what it meant to be female and to live a woman's life in a variety of social settings and historical circumstances. Challenging the conventional notion of Confucianism as an oppressive tradition that victimized women, this provocative book reveals it as a modern construct that does not reflect the social and cultural histories of East Asia before the nineteenth century.

Women --- Confucianism --- History --- Social aspects --- Social aspects. --- History. --- S11/0710 --- S02/0200 --- S12/0400 --- S12/0430 --- J1440 --- J4176 --- K9040 --- K9327 --- China: Social sciences--Women: general and before 1949 --- China: General works--Civilization and culture --- China: Philosophy and Classics--Kongzi 孔子 Confucius and Confucianism --- China: Philosophy and Classics--Neo-Confucianists: general and Song (including lixue 理學) --- Japan: Philosophy -- Confucianism --- Japan: Sociology and anthropology -- gender roles, women, feminism --- Korea: Philosophy and thought -- schools -- Confucianism --- Korea: Communities, social classes and groups -- gender roles, women, feminism, men --- Femmes --- Confucianisme --- Histoire --- Aspect social --- History as a science --- Teaching --- Sociology of minorities --- Social policy --- Sociology of the family. Sociology of sexuality --- Japan --- China --- Religions --- North Korea --- South Korea --- Equal opportunities --- Gender --- Historiography --- Gender roles --- Education --- Patriarchy --- Monarchies --- Book --- Empowerment

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Landed estates (shōen) produced much of the material wealth supporting all levels of late classical and medieval Japanese society. During the tenth through sixteenth centuries, estates served as sites of de facto government, trade network nodes, developing agricultural technology, and centers of religious practice and ritual. Although mostly farmland, many yielded nonagricultural products, including lumber, salt, fish, and silk, and provided livelihoods for craftsmen, seafarers, peddlers, and performers, as well as for cultivators. By the twelfth century, an estate "system" permeated much of the Japanese archipelago. This volume examines the system from three perspectives: the land itself; the power derived from and exerted over the land; and the religion institutions and individuals that were involved in landholding practices.Chapters by Japanese and Western scholars explore how the estate system arose, developed, and eventually collapsed. Several investigate a single estate or focus on agricultural techniques, while others survey estates in broad contexts such as economic change and maritime trade. Other chapters look at how we learn about estates by inspecting documents, landscape features, archaeological remains, and extant buildings and images; how representatives of every social stratum worked together to make the land productive and, conversely, how cooperative arrangements failed and rivals battled one another, making conflict as well as collaboration a hallmark of the system. On a more personal level, we follow the monk Chōgen's restoration of Ōbe Estate and his installation of a famous Amida triad in a temple he built on the premises; the strategies of royal ladies Jōsaimon'in, Hachijōin, and Kōkamon'in as they strove to keep their landholdings viable; and the murder of estate official Gorōzaemon, whose own neighbors killed him as a result of a much larger dispute between two powerful warrior families. Land, Power, and the Sacred represents a significant expansion and revision of our knowledge of medieval Japanese estates. A range of readers will welcome the primary source research and comparative perspectives it offers; those who do not specialize in Japanese medieval history but recognize the value of teaching the history of estates will find a chapter devoted to the topic invaluable.Contributors and translators: Kristina BuhrmaMichelle DamianDavid EasonSakurai Eiji (translated by Ethan Segal)Philip GarrettJanet R. GoodwinYoshiko KainumaRieko Kamei-DycheSachiko KawaiHirota Kōji (translated by Janet R. Goodwin)Ōyama Kyōhei (translated by Janet R. Goodwin)Nagamura Makoto (translated by Janet R. Goodwin)Endō Motoo (translated by Janet R. Goodwin)Joan R. PiggottEthan SegalDan ShererKimura Shigemitsu (translated by Kristina Buhrman)Noda Taizō (translated by David Eason)Nishida Takeshi (translated by Michelle Damian)

Manors --- Land tenure --- Agrarian tenure --- Feudal tenure --- Freehold --- Land ownership --- Land question --- Landownership --- Tenure of land --- Land use, Rural --- Real property --- Land, Nationalization of --- Landowners --- Serfdom --- Dwellings --- Village communities --- History --- Japan

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J5511 --- J5700 --- J5920 --- J5910 --- Japan: Literature -- collections, series and anthologies -- premodern, earliest to Edo ( -1868) --- Japan: Literature -- poetry in general --- Japan: Literature -- premodern fiction and prose ( -1868) --- Japan: Literature -- fiction and prose -- anthologies, selections, series, sōsho --- Japanese literature