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Since 1947, the Vietnam Social Security (VSS) has provided social insurance to public servants and armed forces personnel in Vietnam. In 1995, the Government merged the social insurance unit of the Ministry of labour, invalids and social affairs with that of the Vietnam General Confederation of labor. At the same time the system became mandatory to the employees of the newly developing private sector. The consolidated system is publicly managed by the VSS administration. VSS collects contributions and pay social insurance benefits (in case of sickness and sick leaves, maternity and family planning related leaves, work injury and professional disease, survivorship and to people that reached pension ages). This paper investigates this issue by reviewing the characteristics of employment in Vietnam. It concludes that the risk that social coverage remains limited for many years is high and, presents accordingly some policy options to augment VSS's chances to reach universal coverage in the future.

Annuities --- Apartheid --- Contribution Rates --- Debt Markets --- Developing Countries --- Economic Development --- Expenditures --- Finance and Financial Sector Development --- Health Insurance --- Household Income --- Informal Sector --- Labor Market --- Labor Markets --- Labor Policies --- Law Enforcement --- Legal Framework --- Life Insurance --- Minimum Wage --- Pension Reform --- Pensions & Retirement Systems --- Poverty Assessment --- Poverty Reduction --- Private Sector --- Retirement --- Savings --- Social Insurance --- Social Protections and Labor --- Temporary Workers --- Unemployment --- Wages --- Workers