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What are international orders, how are they destroyed, and how can they be defended in the face of violent challenges? Advancing an innovative realist-constructivist account of international order, Andrew Phillips addresses each of these questions in War, Religion and Empire. Phillips argues that international orders rely equally on shared visions of the good and accepted practices of organized violence to cultivate cooperation and manage conflict between political communities. Considering medieval Christendom's collapse and the East Asian Sinosphere's destruction as primary cases, he further argues that international orders are destroyed as a result of legitimation crises punctuated by the disintegration of prevailing social imaginaries, the break-up of empires, and the rise of disruptive military innovations. He concludes by considering contemporary threats to world order, and the responses that must be taken in the coming decades if a broadly liberal international order is to survive.

Religion and international relations --- Church history --- Christianity and politics --- Islam and politics. --- International relations. --- Terrorism --- Religion and politics. --- Religion et relations internationales --- Eglise --- Christianisme et politique --- Islam et politique --- Relations internationales --- Terrorisme --- Religion et politique --- History of doctrines --- Religious aspects. --- Histoire --- Histoire des doctrines --- Aspect religieux --- Islam and politics --- International relations --- Religion and politics --- History --- Religious aspects --- Religion and international relations. --- Political science --- Politics, Practical --- Politics and religion --- Religion --- Religions --- Religious militants --- Coexistence --- Foreign affairs --- Foreign policy --- Foreign relations --- Global governance --- Interdependence of nations --- International affairs --- Peaceful coexistence --- World order --- National security --- Sovereignty --- World politics --- Islam --- Politics and Islam --- Christianity --- International relations and religion --- Religion and international affairs --- Church and politics --- Politics and Christianity --- Politics and the church --- Political aspects --- Middle Ages, 600-1500 --- Social Sciences --- Political Science --- Church history - Middle Ages, 600-1500 --- Christianity and politics - History - Middle Ages, 600-1500 --- Terrorism - Religious aspects --- Church and state --- Religion and state --- History.

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This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 21st International Conference on DNA Computing and Molecular Programming, DNA 21, held in Boston and Cambridge, MA, USA, in August 2015. The 13 full papers presented were carefully selected from 63 submissions. The papers address all current issues related to biomolecular computing, such as: algorithms and models for computation on biomolecular systems; computational processes in vitro and in vivo; molecular switches, gates, devices, and circuits; molecular folding and self-assembly of nanostructures; analysis and theoretical models of laboratory techniques; molecular motors and molecular robotics; studies of fault-tolerance and error correction; software tools for analysis, simulation, and design; synthetic biology and in vitro evolution; applications in engineering, physics, chemistry, biology, and medicine.  .

Computer Science. --- Computation by Abstract Devices. --- Algorithm Analysis and Problem Complexity. --- Computational Biology/Bioinformatics. --- Artificial Intelligence (incl. Robotics). --- Data Structures. --- Discrete Mathematics in Computer Science. --- Computer science. --- Data structures (Computer science). --- Computer software. --- Computational complexity. --- Artificial intelligence. --- Bioinformatics. --- Informatique --- Structures de données (Informatique) --- Logiciels --- Complexité de calcul (Informatique) --- Intelligence artificielle --- Bio-informatique --- Computer Science --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Computers. --- Algorithms. --- Computer science --- Mathematics. --- Bio-informatics --- Biological informatics --- Biology --- Information science --- Computational biology --- Systems biology --- AI (Artificial intelligence) --- Artificial thinking --- Electronic brains --- Intellectronics --- Intelligence, Artificial --- Intelligent machines --- Machine intelligence --- Thinking, Artificial --- Bionics --- Cognitive science --- Digital computer simulation --- Electronic data processing --- Logic machines --- Machine theory --- Self-organizing systems --- Simulation methods --- Fifth generation computers --- Neural computers --- Computer mathematics --- Discrete mathematics --- Algorism --- Algebra --- Arithmetic --- Automatic computers --- Automatic data processors --- Computer hardware --- Computing machines (Computers) --- Electronic calculating-machines --- Electronic computers --- Hardware, Computer --- Computer systems --- Cybernetics --- Calculators --- Cyberspace --- Information structures (Computer science) --- Structures, Data (Computer science) --- Structures, Information (Computer science) --- File organization (Computer science) --- Abstract data types (Computer science) --- Informatics --- Science --- Data processing --- Mathematics --- Foundations --- Data structures (Computer scienc. --- Artificial Intelligence. --- Data structures (Computer science) --- Complexity, Computational --- Software, Computer --- Computer science—Mathematics. --- Artificial intelligence—Data processing. --- Discrete mathematics. --- Theory of Computation. --- Computational and Systems Biology. --- Data Science. --- Discrete mathematical structures --- Mathematical structures, Discrete --- Structures, Discrete mathematical --- Numerical analysis

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lse titel : Inventing the 20th century : 100 inventions that shaped the world

uitvinding --- 20ste eeuw --- Industrial and intellectual property --- uitvindingen --- Science --- anno 1900-1999 --- Octrooien --- Uitvindingen --- Geschiedenis --- Octrooi --- Uitvinding --- Geneeskunde --- Techniek (wetenschap) --- Atlas --- Museum --- 660 --- geschiedenis 20ste eeuw --- techniek en transport --- technique et transport --- 20ste eeuw.

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"From Spanish conquistadors through to pith-helmeted British colonialists, the prevailing vision of European empire-builders has been staunchly statist. But from the early 1600s through to the early twentieth century, from the East Indies to North America to Africa and the South Pacific, it was company states - not sovereign states - that played the most important role in driving European worldwide commercial and colonial expansion. In Asia, the Dutch and English East India Companies ingratiated themselves with mighty Asian rulers such as the Mughal and Qing Emperors to infiltrate Asian markets. In North America, the Hudson's Bay Company maintained a network of forts and factories across the continent closely integrated with American Indian trading routes and practices. And in Africa, the company states were first key intermediaries in the trans-Atlantic slave trade, and later the colonial vanguards of the 'scramble for Africa.' Notwithstanding their central importance for both International Relations scholars and students of global history, company states remain largely ignored in studies of the modern international system's evolution and expansion. Beholden to an outdated historiography, most scholarship on the expansion of the international system looks only at sovereign states. Historians and historical sociologists have done more to acknowledge company states' pioneering role. But these studies have typically focused on individual company states in isolation, and have thus missed the significance of company states as key progenitors of the modern international system. As a result of this neglect, we lack an understanding of what defined the company states as a distinctive form of international actor, and how they served as crucial but now largely forgotten builders of the world's first truly global international system. Existing works struggle to account for rise, fall and fleeting nineteenth century resurrection of company states as agents of long distance commerce and conquest, as well as their sharply contrasting fortunes in different regions. Finally, unless we understand the nature and significance of company states, we cannot understand how inter-civilizational relations were mediated across trans-continental distances and deep cultural differences for the majority of the modern era. These are the vital gaps in our knowledge which the authors seek to address in this book"--Provided by publisher.

International cooperation --- Cooperation, International --- Global governance --- Institutions, International --- Interdependence of nations --- International institutions --- World order --- Cooperation --- International relations --- International organization --- History --- Europe --- Council of Europe countries --- Eastern Hemisphere --- Eurasia --- Colonies. --- Economic order --- Economic schools --- International trade --- International trade. --- International cooperation. --- Handelskompanie. --- Internationale Politik. --- Kolonialismus. --- History.