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In Belgium patients of hospitals are becoming more and more demanding about the quality and safety of care. Many hospitals are starting to engage an accreditation process with organisms such as “Accreditation Canada International”, “Joint National Commission”, “Nederlands Instituut voor Accreditatie in de Zorg” or even “Haute Autorité de Santé” in France. We also know that funding a hospital now will also depend on its ability to provide quality cares. Accreditation is seen as an acknowledgement of the quality and safety care. In our study we tried to investigate the real impacts of the process on the organization of a hospital, its environment, on the quality and the security cares. 
First of all, we performed an analysis of documentation concerning accreditation and the impacts it can have on hospitals to be able to clearly understand the subject. After that we met some professionals working in hospitals in Belgium and in charge of the implantation of the process. 
The results of these interviews show us that accreditation has significant impact on the quality and the security care. There is a formalization of the medical practices guided by repositories but the process establishes a real continuous improvement in terms of quality and safety care. But health professionals aren’t still inclined to change their personal practices for what they consider as an “administrative task”. That’s why the involvement of the management and communication are very important to imply them in the process. 
If a hospital succeeds the implementation of the accreditation it can better detect undesirable events and decrease them. It can also improve its practices as patient identification, infectious risk management, information management related to patient and its support, medicine management, fall prevention, performance indicators, … 
Our study shows that the impacts identified above are real but a good implementation of the process is only possible with the implication of the health professionals (medical, paramedical) and administrative professionals. The analysis of document and the interviews of the professionals in hospitals demonstrate that the accreditation is a real opportunity for hospitals to improve continually their practices and management.

Accréditation --- Référentiels --- Hôpital --- Qualité et sécurité des soins --- Sciences économiques & de gestion > Domaines particuliers de l'économie (santé, travail, transport...)

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The EFQM model is a management model that provides multiple approaches for achieving sustainable organisational excellence. It was created in 1988 with the objective of improving the competitiveness of European organisations. 
Its methodology is based on seven criteria that affect areas such as leadership, people management, stakeholder engagement, sustainable value creation, etc. 
An organisation that wishes to implement the EFQM process will have to carry out a self-assessment of its activities, with the aim to determine the gap between the results obtained and the desired results. This allows the organisation to identify its strengths and weaknesses and to start thinking about action plans for improvement. 
The EFQM model will be presented in this thesis from different angles. Indeed, we will cover its benefits and see some critics about it. Following that, some comparisons with other models will also be presented. 
Then, we will analyse it in a Belgian context. In fact, we will see which organisations have obtained the EFQM label in Belgium. Actually, the majority of certified organisations come from the non-profit sector, and we will try to understand this trend. 
Finally, through interviews with certified organisations, we will discover that there are factors that can help to obtain the label, and on the opposite, some points that make the EFQM process more difficult to implement.

EFQM model --- quality --- excellent management --- excellent organisation --- evaluation model --- Sciences économiques & de gestion > Comptabilité & audit

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En mars 2020, la Belgique a annoncé son premier lockdown et plusieurs mesures pour limiter la propagation du virus Covid-19. Ces mesures comprenaient la fermeture de certains secteurs dits " non essentiels " et l'obligation de télétravail lorsque cela était possible. Cependant, certains secteurs ont continué à se rendre sur leur lieu de travail afin d'assurer les services essentiels à la population. Certaines professions ont ainsi été qualifiées de "travailleurs de première ligne" car elles étaient en première ligne face au virus. Les secteurs les plus touchés par le travail sur site sont des secteurs occupés par de nombreuses femmes et sont des professions en contact avec le public.
Dans cette thèse, nous nous intéressons aux femmes de première ligne et plus particulièrement aux infirmières, aides-soignantes, aides à domicile, femmes de ménage, agents d'entretien et caissières. Ces emplois sont normalement peu valorisés et mal payés. Nous allons donc essayer de savoir comment ces femmes de première ligne ont été affectées par la crise du Covid-19 en Belgique lors du premier lockdown. Plusieurs études scientifiques ont été menées qui se concentrent sur l'impact du Covid-19 sur le vécu des travailleurs de la santé. D'autres études abordent les conditions de travail dans les différents secteurs, mais elles n'impliquent pas ou peu le vécu de ces autres travailleurs et les conséquences engendrées.

Sciences économiques & de gestion > Gestion des ressources humaines