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This graduate textbook draws on the latest international research to present a compelling narrative of environmental economics that integrates theory, policy, and empirical topics. It includes both traditional and emerging perspectives, and provides students with numerous data-based examples and exercises to develop their skills.
Environmental economics. --- Economics --- Environmental quality --- Environmental aspects --- Economic aspects
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Leisure activities such as local recreation trips usually take place in discrete blocks of time that are surrounded by time devoted to other commitments. It can be costly to transfer time between blocks to allow for longer outings. These observations affect the value of time within those blocks and suggest that traditional methods for valuing time using labor markets miss important considerations. This paper presents a new model for time valuation that uses non-employment time commitments to infer the shadow value of time spent in recreation. A unique survey that elicited revealed and stated preference data on household time allocation is used to implement the model. The results support the conclusion that there is an increasing marginal value of time for recreation as the trip length increases.
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Leisure activities such as local recreation trips usually take place in discrete blocks of time that are surrounded by time devoted to other commitments. It can be costly to transfer time between blocks to allow for longer outings. These observations affect the value of time within those blocks and suggest that traditional methods for valuing time using labor markets miss important considerations. This paper presents a new model for time valuation that uses non-employment time commitments to infer the shadow value of time spent in recreation. A unique survey that elicited revealed and stated preference data on household time allocation is used to implement the model. The results support the conclusion that there is an increasing marginal value of time for recreation as the trip length increases.
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Cost-effective allocation of conditional cash transfers (CCT) requires identifying recipients with low opportunity costs who might change behavior. This paper develops a low-cost approach for improving program implementation by using a stated preference, referendum-style survey question to calculate willingness to accept (WTA) for CCT contracts. This is illustrated in the context of Mexico's Payments for Ecosystem Services Program, with the paper finding that the estimated social cost based on WTA is substantially lower than actual payments. Simulation of three geographic targeting approaches shows that joint selection using deforestation risk and WTA could increase program impact under the same budget. The paper also simulates modified payment schedules based on predicted WTA and demonstrates that these could reduce program cost.
Access of poor to social services --- Biodiversity --- Conditional cash transfers --- Disability --- Economic assistance --- Ecosystem services --- Environment --- Environmental disasters and degradation --- Global environment facility --- Payments --- Poverty reduction --- Services and transfers to poor --- Social protections and labor --- Stated preference --- Targeting
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Demand (Economic theory) --- Consumers' preferences --- Econometric models.
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Most economic models for time allocation ignore constraints on what people can actually do with their time. Economists recently have emphasized the importance of considering prior consumption commitments that constrain behavior. This research develops a new model for time valuation that uses time commitments to distinguish consumers' choice margins and the different values of time these imply. The model is estimated using a new survey that elicits revealed and stated preference data on household time allocation. The empirical results support the framework and find an increasing marginal opportunity cost of time as longer time blocks are used.
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