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Many people live in rural areas in tropical regions. Rural development is not merely a contribution to the growth of individual countries. It can be a way to reduce poverty and to increase access to water, health care, and education. Sustainable rural development can also help stop deforestation and reduce livestock, which generate most of the greenhouse gas emissions. However, efforts to achieve a sustainable rural development are often thwarted by floods, drought, heat waves, and hurricanes, which local communities are not very prepared to tackle. Agricultural practices and local planning are still not very risk-informed. These deficiencies are particularly acute in tropical regions, where many Least Developed Countries are located and where there is, however, great potential for rural development. This Special Issue contains 22 studies on best practices for risk awareness; on local risk reduction; on several cases of soil depletion, water pollution, and sustainable access to safe water; and on agronomy, earth sciences, ecology, economy, environmental engineering, geomatics, materials science, and spatial and regional planning in 12 tropical countries.

Research & information: general --- climate change --- contingency plan --- flood risk --- local development plan --- risk management --- sustainable rural development --- agricultural drought --- heavy rains --- hydrological drought --- meteorological drought --- risk assessment --- Sahel --- early warning --- hydrology --- local communities --- Niger river basin --- rural development --- disaster risk reduction --- official development assistance --- public participation --- risk tracking --- Sendai framework --- sustainable development --- dataset validation --- precipitation --- Kenya --- local climate --- ASALs --- Quantile Mapping --- climate services --- local drought risk reduction --- smallholder farmers --- agrometeorological forecast --- Niger --- natural resources --- Mauritania --- resource management --- regional planning --- participatory approach --- EO data --- water resources --- sustainable management --- local development --- water for food security --- building consolidation --- extreme precipitations --- flood exposure --- satellite remote sensing --- settlement dynamics --- vulnerability --- agriculture --- Nitrate runoff --- real-time monitoring --- water quality --- rural area --- scant data --- nitrate contamination --- water --- flood --- Sinai Peninsula --- flash flood --- CORDEX --- water harvesting --- indigenous farmers --- multinational corporations --- systems thinking --- Nigeria --- sub-Saharan Africa --- drought --- rainfall regime --- soil biogeochemistry --- natural disasters --- flooding --- flood vulnerability --- inequality --- risk premium --- expected annual damages --- certainty equivalent annual damages --- equity weight expected annual damages --- equity weight certainty equivalent annual damage --- soil erosion --- Great Rift Valley Lakes --- ASAL --- desertification --- groundwater resources --- fluoride --- main Ethiopian Rift Valley --- developing countries --- welfare --- panel probit model --- adoption --- propensity score matching --- water crisis in Africa --- water collection and retention systems --- sand dam --- migration --- risk communication --- volcanic hazards --- social risk perception --- resilience --- demonstrator --- scenario --- multi-risk analysis --- climate-smart agriculture --- socio-ecological systems --- extension --- Belize --- milpa --- food security --- sustainability --- photovoltaic energy --- desalination system --- SIDS --- CO2 emissions --- LCOW --- LEOW --- n/a

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Many people live in rural areas in tropical regions. Rural development is not merely a contribution to the growth of individual countries. It can be a way to reduce poverty and to increase access to water, health care, and education. Sustainable rural development can also help stop deforestation and reduce livestock, which generate most of the greenhouse gas emissions. However, efforts to achieve a sustainable rural development are often thwarted by floods, drought, heat waves, and hurricanes, which local communities are not very prepared to tackle. Agricultural practices and local planning are still not very risk-informed. These deficiencies are particularly acute in tropical regions, where many Least Developed Countries are located and where there is, however, great potential for rural development. This Special Issue contains 22 studies on best practices for risk awareness; on local risk reduction; on several cases of soil depletion, water pollution, and sustainable access to safe water; and on agronomy, earth sciences, ecology, economy, environmental engineering, geomatics, materials science, and spatial and regional planning in 12 tropical countries.

Research & information: general --- climate change --- contingency plan --- flood risk --- local development plan --- risk management --- sustainable rural development --- agricultural drought --- heavy rains --- hydrological drought --- meteorological drought --- risk assessment --- Sahel --- early warning --- hydrology --- local communities --- Niger river basin --- rural development --- disaster risk reduction --- official development assistance --- public participation --- risk tracking --- Sendai framework --- sustainable development --- dataset validation --- precipitation --- Kenya --- local climate --- ASALs --- Quantile Mapping --- climate services --- local drought risk reduction --- smallholder farmers --- agrometeorological forecast --- Niger --- natural resources --- Mauritania --- resource management --- regional planning --- participatory approach --- EO data --- water resources --- sustainable management --- local development --- water for food security --- building consolidation --- extreme precipitations --- flood exposure --- satellite remote sensing --- settlement dynamics --- vulnerability --- agriculture --- Nitrate runoff --- real-time monitoring --- water quality --- rural area --- scant data --- nitrate contamination --- water --- flood --- Sinai Peninsula --- flash flood --- CORDEX --- water harvesting --- indigenous farmers --- multinational corporations --- systems thinking --- Nigeria --- sub-Saharan Africa --- drought --- rainfall regime --- soil biogeochemistry --- natural disasters --- flooding --- flood vulnerability --- inequality --- risk premium --- expected annual damages --- certainty equivalent annual damages --- equity weight expected annual damages --- equity weight certainty equivalent annual damage --- soil erosion --- Great Rift Valley Lakes --- ASAL --- desertification --- groundwater resources --- fluoride --- main Ethiopian Rift Valley --- developing countries --- welfare --- panel probit model --- adoption --- propensity score matching --- water crisis in Africa --- water collection and retention systems --- sand dam --- migration --- risk communication --- volcanic hazards --- social risk perception --- resilience --- demonstrator --- scenario --- multi-risk analysis --- climate-smart agriculture --- socio-ecological systems --- extension --- Belize --- milpa --- food security --- sustainability --- photovoltaic energy --- desalination system --- SIDS --- CO2 emissions --- LCOW --- LEOW

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This book provides examples of climate change characterization and decision-making tools for subtropical and tropical adaptation planning. It is intended for local operators, physical planners, besides researchers and students of these subjects. The first chapter describes the status of climate planning in large subtropical and tropical cities. The following six chapters discuss hazards (drought, intense precipitations, sea level rise, sea water intrusion) and early warning systems. Nine chapters enlarge on flood risk analysis and preliminary mapping, climate change vulnerability, comparing contingency plans in various scales and presenting experiences centred on adaptation planning. The last three chapters introduce some best practices of weather and climate change monitoring and flood risk mapping and assessment.

Climate change, Hydro-climatic hazard, Adaptation plan, Mitigation plan, Risk mapping, Early warning, Large cities. --- ARCHITECTURE / Urban & Land Use Planning. --- Tropics. --- Equatorial regions --- Equatorial zones --- Subtropical regions --- Subtropics --- Tropical regions --- Tropical zones --- Earth (Planet)