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Le problème critique de l'élaboration d'une bonne théorie dynamique des formes n'a commencé à être résolu que vers la fin des années 1960 à travers un certain nombre de travaux cruciaux, en particulier ceux de René Thom. Étant donné les relations étroites existant entre le concept de forme et le concept de structure, un structuralisme dynamique a pu ainsi être fondé sur des bases solides. Unifiant des analyses théoriques et des études littéraires qui montrent à quel point la réflexion morphologique est cruciale chez nombre de grands penseurs et artistes, Morphologie et Esthétique explique comment le stucturalisme dynamique entre en résonance avec la philosophie et les arts. Il vise à montrer que de nombreux dispositifs esthétiques édifient une "montée" de la forme sensible vers l'idéalité du sens. La première partie se focalise sur la riche généalogie conduisant de la "Critique de la faculté de juger" de Kant et de la Morphologie de Goethe, avec ses applications à l'art comme dans la célèbre analyse du "Laocoon", jusqu'à des philosophes comme Peirce, Valéry, Husserl, Merleau-Ponty ou Eco et des savants comme D'Arcy Thompson, Turing, Thom, ou Lévi-Strauss. La seconde partie propose quatre études de cas, deux consacrées à Proust (l'une au fonctionnement de la phrase de Vinteuil dans "Un Amour de Swann", l'autre à l'épisode des clochers de Martinville dans "Du côté de Guermantes") et deux autres à Stendhal (l'une à la bataille de Waterloo dans "La Chartreuse de Parme", l'autre à la façon dont ce roman réécrit le mythe d'Eros et de Psyché). Tous les artistes et philosophes ici discutés sont traités comme d'authentiques savants. C'est leur apport théorique exceptionnel qui se trouve mis en lumière dans un hommage de la science à certains phares de l'art.
Form (Aesthetics) --- Form (Philosophy) --- Forme (Esthetique) --- Forme (Philosophie) --- Vorm (Esthetica) --- Vorm (Filosofie) --- Aesthetics --- Literature --- Esthétique --- Littérature --- Forme (Esthétique) --- Philosophy --- History and criticism --- Philosophie --- Histoire et critique --- Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, --- Proust, Marcel, --- Stendhal, --- Critique et interprétation --- Form (Aesthetics). --- Aesthetics. --- Esthétique --- Littérature --- Forme (Esthétique) --- Critique et interprétation. --- Critique et interprétation --- Aesthetic form --- Idealism --- Matter --- Metaphysics --- Structuralism --- Literature - Aesthetics. --- Forme (esthétique) --- Psychologie de la forme. --- Sémiotique et littérature. --- Structuralisme (littérature)
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This book describes several mathematical models of the primary visual cortex, referring them to a vast ensemble of experimental data and putting forward an original geometrical model for its functional architecture, that is, the highly specific organization of its neural connections. The book spells out the geometrical algorithms implemented by this functional architecture, or put another way, the “neurogeometry” immanent in visual perception. Focusing on the neural origins of our spatial representations, it demonstrates three things: firstly, the way the visual neurons filter the optical signal is closely related to a wavelet analysis; secondly, the contact structure of the 1-jets of the curves in the plane (the retinal plane here) is implemented by the cortical functional architecture; and lastly, the visual algorithms for integrating contours from what may be rather incomplete sensory data can be modelled by the sub-Riemannian geometry associated with this contact structure. As such, it provides readers with the first systematic interpretation of a number of important neurophysiological observations in a well-defined mathematical framework. The book’s neuromathematical exploration appeals to graduate students and researchers in integrative-functional-cognitive neuroscience with a good mathematical background, as well as those in applied mathematics with an interest in neurophysiology.
Mathematics. --- Neural networks (Computer science). --- Geometry. --- Biomathematics. --- Mathematical and Computational Biology. --- Mathematical Models of Cognitive Processes and Neural Networks. --- Geometry --- Mathematics --- Euclid's Elements --- Neural networks (Computer science) . --- Artificial neural networks --- Nets, Neural (Computer science) --- Networks, Neural (Computer science) --- Neural nets (Computer science) --- Artificial intelligence --- Natural computation --- Soft computing --- Biology
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Applied Mathematics - Neurogeometry and Visual Perception. --- Vision --- Visual cortex --- Visual perception --- Mathematical models. --- Mathematical models. --- Mathematical models.
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This book describes several mathematical models of the primary visual cortex, referring them to a vast ensemble of experimental data and putting forward an original geometrical model for its functional architecture, that is, the highly specific organization of its neural connections. The book spells out the geometrical algorithms implemented by this functional architecture, or put another way, the “neurogeometry” immanent in visual perception. Focusing on the neural origins of our spatial representations, it demonstrates three things: firstly, the way the visual neurons filter the optical signal is closely related to a wavelet analysis; secondly, the contact structure of the 1-jets of the curves in the plane (the retinal plane here) is implemented by the cortical functional architecture; and lastly, the visual algorithms for integrating contours from what may be rather incomplete sensory data can be modelled by the sub-Riemannian geometry associated with this contact structure. As such, it provides readers with the first systematic interpretation of a number of important neurophysiological observations in a well-defined mathematical framework. The book’s neuromathematical exploration appeals to graduate students and researchers in integrative-functional-cognitive neuroscience with a good mathematical background, as well as those in applied mathematics with an interest in neurophysiology.
Geometry --- Mathematics --- Biology --- Computer science --- biologie --- informatica --- wiskunde --- geometrie
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Structural linguistics --- Catastrophes (Mathematics) --- #KVHA:Semiotiek --- Linguistics --- Differentiable mappings --- Manifolds (Mathematics) --- Singularities (Mathematics)
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Cognitive grammar --- Computational linguistics --- Grammar, Comparative and general --- Mathematical linguistics --- Grammar categories
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This book - written in collaboration with René Doursat, director of the Complex Systems Institute, Paris - adds a new dimension to Cognitive Grammars. It provides a rigorous, operational mathematical foundation, which draws from topology, geometry and dynamical systems to model iconic «image-schemas» and «conceptual archetypes». It defends the thesis that René Thom's morphodynamics is especially well suited to the task and allows to transform the morphological structures of perception into Gestalt-like, abstract, proto-linguistic schemas that can act as inputs into higher-level specific linguistic routines. Cognitive Grammars have drawn upon the view that the deep syntactic and semantic structures of language, such as prepositions and case roles, are grounded in perception and action. This study raises difficult problems, which thus far have not been addressed as a mathematical challenge. Cognitive Morphodynamics shows how this gap can be filled.
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