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Conflicts involve powerful experiences. The residue of these experiences is captured by the concept and language of emotion. Indiscriminate killing creates fear; targeted violence produces anger and a desire for vengeance; political status reversals spawn resentment; cultural prejudices sustain ethnic contempt. These emotions can become resources for political entrepreneurs. A broad range of Western interventions are based on a view of human nature as narrowly rational. Correspondingly, intervention policy generally aims to alter material incentives ('sticks and carrots') to influence behavior. In response, poorer and weaker actors who wish to block or change this Western implemented 'game' use emotions as resources. This book examines the strategic use of emotion in the conflicts and interventions occurring in the Western Balkans over a twenty-year period. The book concentrates on the conflicts among Albanian and Slavic populations (Kosovo, Montenegro, Macedonia, South Serbia), along with some comparisons to Bosnia.
Polemology --- Social psychology --- Balkan Peninsula --- Kosovo War, 1998-1999 --- Operation Allied Force, 1999 --- Participation, Foreign --- Psychological aspects --- North Atlantic Treaty Organization --- Armed Forces --- History --- Politics and government --- Allied Force, Operation, 1999 --- Kosovo Conflict, 1998-1999 --- Kosovo Crisis, 1998-1999 --- Participation, Foreign. --- Psychological aspects. --- Campaigns --- North Atlantic treaty organisation --- NAVO --- OTAN --- Kosovo War, 1998-1999 - Participation, Foreign --- Kosovo War, 1998-1999 - Psychological aspects --- Operation Allied Force, 1999 - Psychological aspects --- Balkan Peninsula - History - 1989 --- -Balkan Peninsula - Politics and government - 1989 --- -Social psychology --- Social Sciences --- Political Science --- -Kosovo War, 1998-1999
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This 2002 book seeks to identify the motivations of individual perpetrators of ethnic violence. The work develops four models, labeled Fear, Hatred, Resentment, and Rage, gleaned from existing social science literatures. The empirical chapters apply these four models to important events of ethnic conflict in Eastern Europe, from the 1905 Russian Revolution to the collapse of Yugoslavia in the 1990s. Each historical chapter generates questions about the timing and target of ethnic violence. The four models are then applied to the case, to learn which does the best job in explaining the observed patterns of ethnic conflict. The findings challenge conventional wisdom, in that the Resentment narrative, centered on a sense of unjust group status, provides the best fit for a variety of cases. While Fear, Hatred, and Rage do motivate hostile actions, Resentment pervasively appears to inflame ethnic animosity and drive outcomes in the timing and pattern of action.
Sociology of minorities --- anno 1900-1999 --- Eastern and Central Europe --- Ethnic conflict --- Conflits ethniques --- History --- Histoire --- Europe, Eastern --- Europe de l'Est --- Ethnic relations --- Relations interethniques --- -Conflict, Ethnic --- Ethnic violence --- Inter-ethnic conflict --- Interethnic conflict --- Social conflict --- -Europe, Eastern --- East Europe --- Eastern Europe --- -History --- -Ethnic conflict --- Conflict, Ethnic --- Social Sciences --- Political Science
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Resistance and Rebellion: Lessons from Eastern Europe explains how ordinary people become involved in resistance and rebellion against powerful regimes. The book shows how a sequence of casual forces - social norms, focal points, rational calculation - operate to drive individuals into roles of passive resistance and, at a second stage, into participation in community-based rebellion organization. By linking the operation of these mechanisms to observable social structures, the work generates predictions about which types of community and society are most likely to form and sustain resistance and rebellion. The empirical material centres around Lithuanian anti-Soviet resistance in both the 1940s and the 1987-91 period. Using the Lithuanian experience as a baseline, comparisons with several other Eastern European countries demonstrate the breadth and depth of the theory. The book contributes to both the general literature on political violence and protest, as well as the theoretical literature on collective action.
Government, Resistance to --- History --- History of Eastern Europe --- Lithuania --- -Government, Resistance to --- -#SBIB:324H73 --- #SBIB:328H27 --- #SBIB:328H264 --- #SBIB:013.IEB --- Civil resistance --- Non-resistance to government --- Resistance to government --- Political science --- Political violence --- Insurgency --- Nonviolence --- Revolutions --- -History --- -Politieke verandering: oppositie en minderheid, protest, politiek geweld --- Instellingen en beleid: Midden- en Centraal Europa: algemeen --- Instellingen en beleid: Baltische staten --- Europe, Eastern --- East Europe --- Eastern Europe --- -Autonomy and independence movements. --- Résistance au gouvernement --- Histoire --- Europe de l'Est --- Autonomy and independence movements --- Mouvements d'autonomie et d'indépendance --- #SBIB:324H73 --- Politieke verandering: oppositie en minderheid, protest, politiek geweld --- Lithuanian S.S.R. --- Lithuanian SSR --- Lietuvos TSR --- Lietuvos T.S.R. --- Litovskai︠a︡ Sovetskai︠a︡ Sot︠s︡ialisticheskai︠a︡ Respublika --- Litovskaya Sovetskaya Sot︠s︡ialisticheskaya Respublika --- Leedu Nõukogude Sotsialistlik Vabariik --- Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic --- Litovskaya S.S.R. --- Litovskaya SSR --- Litva --- Lietuva --- Litwa --- Litovskai︠a︡ SSR --- Litovska SSR --- Liṭa --- Lituanie --- Lietuvos Respublika --- Republic of Lithuania --- Lituania --- Liṭe --- Ostland --- Poland --- Autonomy and independence movements. --- Government [Resistance to ] --- 20th century --- Europe [Eastern ] --- Литва --- 立陶宛 --- Litaowan --- Lithuanie --- Litauen --- Litvánia --- リトアニア共和国 --- Ritoania Kyōwakoku --- リトアニア --- Ritoania --- 리투아니아 --- Litvanya --- Social Sciences --- Political Science --- Political resistance
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Leading anthropologists and political scientists are brought together in this volume to debate the problem of comparison, taking up a variety of topics from nationalist violence and labour strikes to ritual forms and religious practices. The contributors criticise conventional forms of comparative method, and introduce new comparative strategies, ranging from abstract model building to ethnographically based methods. They represent a wide variety of theoretical positions, from rational choice theory to interpretivism, and the issues are clarified in the cut and thrust of debate. This will be an excellent case book for courses on comparison across the social sciences.
Politics and culture --- Ethnology --- Political science --- Ethnic relations --- Nationalism --- Political violence --- Politique et culture --- Anthropologie sociale et culturelle --- Science politique --- Relations interethniques --- Nationalisme --- Violence politique --- Comparative method --- Political aspects --- Methode comparative --- Méthode comparative --- Aspect politique --- #SBIB:324H30 --- #SBIB:316.7C120 --- Politieke cultuur --- Cultuursociologie: algemene en theoretische werken --- Politics & culture --- Politiek en cultuur --- Méthode comparative --- Social Sciences --- Anthropology --- Politics and culture. --- Nationalism. --- Political violence. --- Comparative method. --- Political aspects. --- Violence --- Political crimes and offenses --- Terrorism --- Consciousness, National --- Identity, National --- National consciousness --- National identity --- International relations --- Patriotism --- Autonomy and independence movements --- Internationalism --- Political messianism --- Ethnic politics --- Administration --- Civil government --- Commonwealth, The --- Government --- Political theory --- Political thought --- Politics --- Science, Political --- Social sciences --- State, The --- Cultural anthropology --- Ethnography --- Races of man --- Social anthropology --- Human beings --- Culture --- Culture and politics
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