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The principle of proportionality is currently one of the most discussed topics in the field of comparative constitutional law. Many critics claim that courts use the proportionality test as an instrument of judicial self-empowerment. Proportionality and Judicial Activism tests this hypothesis empirically; it systematically and comparatively analyses the fundamental rights jurisprudence of the Canadian Supreme Court, the German Federal Constitutional Court and the South African Constitutional Court. The book shows that the proportionality test does give judges a considerable amount of discretion. However, this analytical openness does not necessarily lead to judicial activism. Instead, judges are faced with significant institutional constraints, as a result of which all three examined courts refrain from using proportionality for purposes of judicial activism.

Political questions and judicial power --- Proportionality in law --- Court of last resort --- Law --- Judicial activism --- Judicial power and political questions --- Act of state --- Administrative discretion --- Judicial review --- Jurisdiction --- Rule of law --- Separation of powers --- Political aspects --- Political questions and judicial power - Canada --- Political questions and judicial power - Germany --- Political questions and judicial power - South Africa --- Proportionality in law - Canada --- Proportionality in law - Germany --- Proportionality in law - South Africa --- Court of last resort - Canada --- Court of last resort - Germany --- Court of last resort - South Africa

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Nach dem Ende des kalten Krieges konnte eine neue Welle der Demokratisierung beobachtet werden und in der Rechtswissenschaft kam die Diskussion auf, welche Rolle das Völkerrecht in diesem Prozess spielt. Der Autor geht der Frage nach, ob Demokratie für jeden Staat tatsächlich die ideale Staatsform ist. Er untersucht dabei Ansätze in der politikwissenschaftlichen Demokratie- und Demokratisierungstheorie und versucht diese Erkenntnisse für die völkerrechtliche Dogmatik fruchtbar zu machen.

Private international law. --- Conflict of laws. --- Public international law. --- Political science. --- International law. --- Law—Philosophy. --- Law. --- Constitutional law. --- Private International Law, International & Foreign Law, Comparative Law . --- Public International Law . --- Political Science. --- Sources and Subjects of International Law, International Organizations. --- Theories of Law, Philosophy of Law, Legal History. --- Constitutional Law.

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Wirtschafts- und Rechnungsbücher bieten mehrdimensionale Zugänge und erfordern multidisziplinäre Annäherungen. Dass sie weit mehr sind als Einnahmen- und Ausgabeverzeichnisse zeigen die hier vorliegenden 17 Beiträge mit Beispielen von Lübeck bis Lyon. Sie vereinen die Ergebnisse eines Workshops, der diese Gattung serieller Quellen von Seiten der Geschichtswissenschaft und der Historischen Sprachforschung, der Editions- und Medienwissenschaft sowie der historischen Wirtschafts- und Betriebswirtschaftswissenschaft in den Blick genommen hat.

Account books --- Bookkeeping --- Bookkeeping --- History --- Early works to 1800 --- History