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This book presents several fundamental questions in mathematical biology such as Turing instability, pattern formation, reaction-diffusion systems, invasion waves and Fokker-Planck equations. These are classical modeling tools for mathematical biology with applications to ecology and population dynamics, the neurosciences, enzymatic reactions, chemotaxis, invasion waves etc. The book presents these aspects from a mathematical perspective, with the aim of identifying those qualitative properties of the models that are relevant for biological applications. To do so, it uncovers the mechanisms at work behind Turing instability, pattern formation and invasion waves. This involves several mathematical tools, such as stability and instability analysis, blow-up in finite time, asymptotic methods and relative entropy properties. Given the content presented, the book is well suited as a textbook for master-level coursework.

Biology - General --- Biology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Mathematics. --- Applied mathematics. --- Engineering mathematics. --- Biomathematics. --- Mathematical and Computational Biology. --- Applications of Mathematics. --- Math --- Science --- Differential equations, Parabolic. --- Computational biology. --- Mathematics --- Bioinformatics --- Parabolic differential equations --- Parabolic partial differential equations --- Differential equations, Partial --- Engineering --- Engineering analysis --- Mathematical analysis

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Conservation laws (Mathematics). --- Kinetic theory of gases.

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These lecture notes are based on several courses and lectures given at di?erent places (University Pierre et Marie Curie, University of Bordeaux, CNRS research groups GRIP and CHANT, University of Roma I) for an audience of mathema- cians.ThemainmotivationisindeedthemathematicalstudyofPartialDi?erential Equationsthatarisefrombiologicalstudies.Among them, parabolicequations are the most popular and also the most numerous (one of the reasonsis that the small size,atthecelllevel,isfavorabletolargeviscosities).Manypapersandbookstreat this subject, from modeling or analysis points of view. This oriented the choice of subjects for these notes towards less classical models based on integral eq- tions (where PDEs arise in the asymptotic analysis), transport PDEs (therefore of hyperbolic type), kinetic equations and their parabolic limits. The?rstgoalofthesenotesistomention(anddescribeveryroughly)various ?elds of biology where PDEs are used; the book therefore contains many ex- ples without mathematical analysis. In some other cases complete mathematical proofs are detailed, but the choice has been a compromise between technicality and ease of interpretation of the mathematical result. It is usual in the ?eld to see mathematics as a blackboxwhere to enter speci?c models, often at the expense of simpli?cations. Here, the idea is di?erent; the mathematical proof should be close to the ˜natural' structure of the model and re?ect somehow its meaning in terms of applications. Dealingwith?rstorderPDEs,onecouldthinkthatthesenotesarerelyingon the burden of using the method of characteristics and of de?ning weak solutions. We rather consider that, after the numerous advances during the 1980s, it is now clearthat ˜solutionsinthesenseofdistributions'(becausetheyareuniqueinaclass exceeding the framework of the Cauchy-Lipschitz theory) is the correct concept.

Ergodic theory. Information theory --- Differential equations --- Biomathematics. Biometry. Biostatistics --- differentiaalvergelijkingen --- biomathematica --- biometrie --- informatietheorie

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Biomathematics. Biometry. Biostatistics --- General biophysics --- Human biochemistry --- medische biochemie --- biomathematica --- biomechanica