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Current understanding of different phases as well as the phase transitions between them has only been achieved following recent theoretical advances on the effects of dimensionality in statistical physics. P S Pershan explains the connection between these two separate areas and gives some examples of problems where the understanding is still not complete. The most important example is the second order phase transition between the nematic and smectic-A phase. Others include the relation between the several hexatic phases that have been observed and the first order restacking transitions between
Liquid crystals. --- Polymer liquid crystals. --- Crystals, Polymer liquid --- Liquid crystal polymers --- Liquid crystalline polymers --- Liquid crystals, Polymer --- Polymeric liquid crystals --- Liquid crystals --- Polymers --- Crystals, Liquid --- Light sources
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The availability of synchrotron x-ray sources and the subsequent developments described in this book have led to substantial progress in our understanding of molecular ordering at liquid interfaces. This practical guide enables graduate students and researchers working in physics, chemistry, biology and materials science to understand and carry out experimental investigations into the basic physical and chemical properties of liquid surfaces and interfaces. The book examines the surfaces of bulk liquids, thin wetting films and buried liquid-liquid interfaces. It discusses experiments on simple and complex fluids, including pure water and organic liquids, liquid crystals, liquid metals, electrified liquid-liquid interfaces and interfacial monolayers of amphiphiles, nanoparticles, polymers and biomolecules. A detailed description of the apparatus and techniques required for these experiments is provided, and theoretical approaches to data analysis are described, including approximate methods such as the Master formula, the Born approximation, Parratt's algorithm and the Distorted Wave Approximation.
Liquid-liquid interfaces --- Synchrotron radiation --- X-ray spectroscopy --- Interfaces liquide-liquide --- Rayonnement cyclotron --- Spectroscopie de rayons X --- Liquid-liquid interfaces. --- Synchrotron radiation. --- X-ray spectroscopy. --- Emission spectroscopy, X-ray --- Energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy --- Excitation analysis, Fluorescent --- Fluorescence analysis, X-ray --- Fluorescent excitation analysis --- Fluorescent x-ray spectroscopy --- X-ray emission spectroscopy --- X-ray fluorescence analysis --- XES (X-ray emission spectroscopy) --- Spectrum analysis --- Bremsstrahlung, Magnetic --- Emission, Synchrotron --- Magnetic bremsstrahlung --- Synchrotron emission --- Electromagnetic waves --- Particles (Nuclear physics) --- Interfaces (Physical sciences)
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