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This book is about labor income share, which measures the share of national income paid in wages. The global share of income going towards labor is declining, which suggests a more unequal distribution of income. This has sparked debates about fair distribution of personal incomes among academics and policymakers alike. This book joins the discussion by bringing together recent developments in theoretical and empirical research on labor income share and novel insights on the measurement of the labor income share. The aim of this book is to help design policies to reduce inequality and provide useful knowledge to academics, policymakers from government agencies, policy aides in research institutions and think tanks, and broader audiences from public and private organizations. Saumik Paul has been working on the labor income share for over four years. He has edited books and published journal articles on the same topic. His ongoing research focuses on the drivers of the labor income share at the firm and sector level. He is also interested in the measurement issues of the labor income share. Saumik is currently employed at Newcastle University, UK and holds affiliation with the Institute of Labor Economics (IZA) and Household in Conflict Network (HiCN). .

International relations. Foreign policy --- Labour economics --- Money market. Capital market --- internationale politiek --- financiële markten --- economie --- arbeid --- Asia

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This book explores the existing and diverse institutional bottlenecks of land acquisition, ranging from legal and social to political and even environmental within the Asian context. It identifies the short- and long-term risks associated with land sale through regional case studies and aims to propose a more sustainable policy framework. One such policy framework proposed is that of Land Trust for mitigating some of these risks. For instance, recent studies argue that land trust or land lease is one of the best ways to increase the rate of return to invite private investors into infrastructure investment and industrialization. A rare snapshot of a continent in the process of rapid development, this book offers an invaluable resource for scholars, activists and politicians alike. Naoyuki Yoshino is Dean of the Asian Development Bank Institute (ADBI); Professor Emeritus of Keio University, Tokyo, Japan; and Senior Adviser at the Japan Financial Services Agency’s (FSA) Financial Research Center (FSA Institute). He obtained his PhD from Johns Hopkins University, where his thesis supervisor was Sir Alan Walters (who was Margaret Thatcher’s Economic Adviser). He was appointed board of the Financial Planning Standards Board in 2007, and also served as chairperson of the Japanese Ministry of Finance’s council on Foreign Exchange and its Fiscal System Council (Fiscal Investment and Loan Program Section). He is the President of Financial Education Council organized by the Central Bank of Japan, Financial Services Agency (FSA), Ministry of Education, Cabinet Ministry and private financial institutions. Saumik Paul is research economist at the Asian Development Bank Institute (ADBI). Prior to this, he worked at the Hitotsubashi University, University of Nottingham (Malaysia campus), Osaka University and the World Bank. He is interested in policy relevant research on topics related to structural transformation, productivity growth and land reform. His current projects examine land disputes and the process of industrialization in India, Indonesia and Nepal, and also the role of structural transformation in regional growth and convergence in Japan and other Asian countries.

Development economics. --- Sustainable development. --- Asia-Economic conditions. --- Development Economics. --- Sustainable Development. --- Organizational Studies, Economic Sociology. --- Asian Economics. --- Development, Sustainable --- Ecologically sustainable development --- Economic development, Sustainable --- Economic sustainability --- ESD (Ecologically sustainable development) --- Smart growth --- Sustainable development --- Sustainable economic development --- Economic development --- Economics --- Environmental aspects --- Economic sociology. --- Asia—Economic conditions. --- Economic sociology --- Socio-economics --- Socioeconomics --- Sociology of economics --- Sociology --- Social aspects

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Using Life in Transition Survey data for 27 transition countries, the findings of this paper suggest that higher life satisfaction is correlated with lesser experience of unpleasant events such as labor market shock or economic distress, mostly in the recent past. Social capital such as trust, participation in civic groups, and financial stability lead to higher satisfaction, whereas lower relative position to a reference group leaves one with lower life satisfaction. The paper also finds substantial regional variation in life satisfaction between European, Balkan, and lower and middle-income Commonwealth of Independent States. Finally, after controlling for various events that took place during the interview and the nature of refusal of the respondents across countries, the authors show that reported life satisfaction is lower if the emotional state is negative during the interview.

Disease Control & Prevention --- Finance and Financial Sector Development --- Health Monitoring & Evaluation --- Historical issues --- Inequality --- Labor Policies --- Markets and Market Access --- Relative income --- Subjective well being

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The movement of workers from the farm sector to a more productive nonfarm sector has failed to generate significant gains in labor productivity in recent decades in many developing countries. This paper offers a new perspective on the barriers to growth-enhancing structural transformation, combining structural modeling with enterprise census data from Ghana. The paper argues that subnational differences in the intersectoral productivity gap between the nonfarm informal and formal sectors constrain the productivity gain from structural transformation. In Ghana, intersectoral productivity gaps among the richer regions are on average three times larger than among the poorer regions. The disparity in regional intersectoral productivity gaps is modeled as reflecting the disparity in the regional misallocation of labor between the informal and formal sectors. Misallocation is identified as the output wedge between the informal and formal sectors. Simulations suggest that a more productive nonfarm informal sector reduces the disparity in regional intersectoral productivity gaps and, in turn, increases national productivity and the contribution of structural transformation to national productivity. For example, a 90-percent reduction in the disparity in regional intersectoral productivity gaps raises Ghana's national aggregate productivity by 11.9 percent and the contribution of structural transformation to productivity by 19.7 percent.

Agricultural Sector Economics --- Agriculture --- Formal Sector --- Informal Sector --- Labor Markets --- Labor Productivity --- Private Sector Development --- Private Sector Economics --- Productivity --- Resource Allocation --- Rural Development --- Rural Labor Markets --- Structural Transformation --- Subnational Regions

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