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This chapter explores the connection between past tense and modality in English and French. After arguing for a temporal definition of past tenses, I reinterpret the classical opposition between temporal uses and modal uses in terms of the speakers's referential or subjective intentionality. I further distinguish between the epistemic uses - which express the speaker's assessment of the probability of the denoted situation - and the illocutory uses - which express the speaker's degree of commitment in her speech act. I finally suggest an analysis of two epistemic uses of the English simple past and the French imperfect, namely their conditional use and optative use, thanks to the notion of dialogism, which refers to the heterogeneity of the enunciative sources of a given utterance.

Psycholinguistics --- Grammar --- Cognitive grammar --- Grammar, Comparative and general --- Tense --- Modularity --- Cognitive grammar. --- Psycholinguistics. --- Tense. --- Modularity. --- #KVHA:Taalkunde --- #KVHA:Vergelijkende linguïstiek --- #KVHA:Cognitieve linguïstiek --- #KVHA:Modaliteit --- #KVHA:Aspect --- 801.56 --- Syntaxis. Semantiek --- Languages & Literatures --- Philology & Linguistics --- Grammaire cognitive --- Temps (Linguistique) --- Modularité (Linguistique) --- Psycholinguistique --- 801.56 Syntaxis. Semantiek --- Modularité (Linguistique) --- Language, Psychology of --- Language and languages --- Psychology of language --- Speech --- Modularity (Grammar) --- Module (Grammar) --- Tense (Grammar) --- Cognitive linguistics --- Psychological aspects --- Psychology --- Linguistics --- Thought and thinking --- Temporal constructions --- Linguistique cognitive --- Philology --- Grammar, Comparative and general - Tense --- Grammar, Comparative and general - Modularity

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The volume proposes original semantic analyses on items marking grammatical aspect. The contributions deal with structurally divergent languages, setting to the fore some less studied forms coding aspect, revisiting or challenging certain conventionalized views on aspectual categories and shedding light on interactions between aspect and modality, another multifaceted semantic category. In doing so, the volume is intended to emphasize the diversity of aspectual systems and the fuzzy semantics of grammatical aspect and help the reader to make their own mind on a topic traditionally viewed as a subcategory of verbal aspect together with lexical aspect. Contributors are Denis Apothéloz, Trang Phan and Nigel Duffield, Galia Hatav, Jens Fleischhauer and Ekaterina Gabrovska, Stephen M. Dickey, Adeline Patard, Laura Baranzini, Jaroslava Obrtelova.

Grammar, Comparative and general --- Modality (Linguistics) --- Linguistics --- Verb --- Tense (Grammar) --- Aspect (Linguistics) --- Aspect. --- Tense. --- Verb. --- Verb phrase --- Verbals --- Reflexives --- Temporal constructions --- Verbal aspect --- linguistics --- Philology

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Lexicology. Semantics --- Grammar --- Pragmatics

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Lexicology. Semantics --- French language --- Grammar