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The High Frequency South Sudan Survey, implemented by the South Sudan National Bureau of Statistics in collaboration with the World Bank, conducted several waves of representative surveys across seven of the ten former states between 2015 and 2017. These surveys provided a long overdue update to poverty numbers in South Sudan, with the previous national poverty estimates dating as far back as 2009. The escalation and expansion of the civil conflict posed severe challenges to the planning and implementation of fieldwork. The surveys therefore capitalized on several technological and methodological innovations to establish a reliable system of data collection and obtain valid poverty estimates. Focusing on the 2016 urban-rural wave, this paper describes the design and analysis of the survey to arrive at reliable poverty estimates for South Sudan, utilizing the Rapid Consumption Methodology combined with geo-spatial data for inaccessible survey areas.

Consumption Measurement --- Inequality --- Inflation --- Labor Markets --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- Poverty --- Poverty Assessment --- Poverty Diagnostics --- Poverty Impact Evaluation --- Poverty Lines --- Poverty Monitoring and Analysis --- Poverty Reduction --- Questionnaire Design --- Social Protections and Labor --- Urban Governance and Management --- Urban Housing --- Urban Housing and Land Settlements

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This paper evaluates the impact of the Emergency Social Safety Net (ESSN) in Turkey, the largest cash transfer program for international refugees in the world. The paper provides prima facie evidence that the program quickly caused substantial changes in household size and composition, with a net movement of primarily school-age children from larger ineligible households to smaller eligible ones. A sharp decline in inequality is observed in the entire study population: the Gini index declined by four percentage points (or 15 percent) within six months of program rollout, and the poverty headcount at the

Cash Transfers --- Displaced Persons --- Gini Coefficient --- Human Assistance --- Inequality --- Migration --- Poverty --- Poverty Reduction --- Refugees --- Safety Nets --- Safety Nets and Transfers --- Services and Transfers to Poor --- Social Protections and Labor --- Targeted Social Assistance --- Vulnerable Population