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This book presents the general concepts of self-organized spatio-temporal ordering processes. These concepts are demonstrated via prototypical examples of recent advances in materials science. Particular emphasis is on nanoscale soft matter in physics, chemistry, biology and biomedicine. The questions addressed embrace a broad spectrum of complex nonlinear phenomena, ranging from self-assembling near the thermodynamical equilibrium to dissipative structure formation far from equilibrium. Their mutual interplay gives rise to increasing degrees of hierarchical order. Analogues are pointed out, differences characterized and efforts are made to reveal common features in the mechanistic description of those phenomena.  .

Physics. --- Soft and Granular Matter, Complex Fluids and Microfluidics. --- Physical Chemistry. --- Nanotechnology. --- Membranes. --- Polymer Sciences. --- Chemistry, Physical organic. --- Polymers. --- Physique --- Polymères --- Nanotechnologie --- Nanostructured materials. --- Self-assembly (Chemistry). --- Supramolecular chemistry. --- Atomic Physics --- Physics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Self-assembly (Chemistry) --- Nanomaterials --- Nanometer materials --- Nanophase materials --- Nanostructure controlled materials --- Nanostructure materials --- Ultra-fine microstructure materials --- Biological and Medical Physics, Biophysics. --- Microstructure --- Nanotechnology --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Macromolecules --- Self-organizing systems --- Polymere --- Polymeride --- Polymers and polymerization --- Molecular technology --- Nanoscale technology --- High technology --- Chemistry, Physical organic --- Chemistry, Organic --- Amorphous substances. --- Complex fluids. --- Physical chemistry. --- Biophysics. --- Biological physics. --- Polymers  . --- Biological physics --- Biology --- Medical sciences --- Chemistry, Theoretical --- Physical chemistry --- Theoretical chemistry --- Chemistry --- Complex liquids --- Fluids, Complex --- Amorphous substances --- Liquids --- Soft condensed matter

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In this volume, concepts of nonlinear dynamics and self-organization are applied to topics in materials sciences with emphasis on semiconductors, soft matter, and biomaterials. The questions addressed include how to compare ordering phenomena under nonequilibrium situations, usually called self-organized structures, with those arising under situations close to equilibrium via selfassembly. Analogies are pointed out, differences are characterized, and efforts made to discover common features in the mechanistic description of those phenomena. Of major importance is the question of the role of spatial and temporal order, in particular, the application of concepts developed on macroscopic and microscopic scales to structure formation occurring on nanoscales, which occupies the focus of interest on the frontiers of science.

Nanostructured materials. --- Self-organizing systems. --- Learning systems (Automatic control) --- Self-optimizing systems --- Cybernetics --- Intellect --- Learning ability --- Synergetics --- Nanomaterials --- Nanometer materials --- Nanophase materials --- Nanostructure controlled materials --- Nanostructure materials --- Ultra-fine microstructure materials --- Microstructure --- Nanotechnology --- Nanotechnology. --- Engineering. --- Condensed Matter Physics. --- Engineering, general. --- Molecular technology --- Nanoscale technology --- High technology --- Construction --- Industrial arts --- Technology --- Condensed matter. --- Condensed materials --- Condensed media --- Condensed phase --- Materials, Condensed --- Media, Condensed --- Phase, Condensed --- Liquids --- Matter --- Solids

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Aimed at researchers and graduate students, this book provides up-to-date information for understanding electronic interactions that impact the optical properties of rare earth ions in solids. Its goal is to establish a connection between fundamental principles and the materials properties of rare-earth activated luminescent and laser optical materials. The theoretical survey and introduction to spectroscopic properties include electronic energy level structure, intensities of optical transitions, ion-phonon interactions, line broadening, and energy transfer and up-conversion. An important aspect of the book lies in its deep and detailed discussions on materials properties and the potential of new applications such as optical storage, information processing, nanophotonics, and molecular probes that have been identified in recent experimental studies. This volume will be a valuable reference book on advanced topics of rare earth spectroscopy and materials science.

Optics. Quantum optics --- Electronics and optics of solids --- Solid state physics --- Physics --- Materials sciences --- fotonica --- materiaalkennis --- toegepaste wetenschappen --- lasers (technologie) --- spectroscopie --- fysica --- optica

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Solid state physics --- Physics --- Materials sciences --- Electronics --- toegepaste wetenschappen --- materialen (technologie) --- elektronica --- fysica