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Animals -- Research. --- Laboratory animals. --- Government Regulation --- Animal Experimentation --- Animals --- Research.

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"Biological differences between the sexes influence not only individual health but also public health, biomedical research, and health care. The Institute of Medicine held a workshop March 8-9, 2010, to discuss sex differences and their implications for translational neuroscience research, which bridges the gap between scientific discovery and application ..."--Summary.

Sex factors in disease --- Sex differences --- Health --- Human biology --- Neurosciences --- Research --- Neural sciences --- Neurological sciences --- Neuroscience --- Personal health --- Wellness --- Gender differences --- Sexual dimorphism in humans --- Diseases --- Sex factors --- Medical sciences --- Nervous system --- Biology --- Physical anthropology --- Medicine --- Physiology --- Holistic medicine --- Hygiene --- Well-being --- Sex differentiation --- Pathology

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Glutamate is the most pervasive neurotransmitter in the central nervous system (CNS). Despite this fact, no validated biological markers, or biomarkers, currently exist for measuring glutamate pathology in CNS disorders or injuries. Glutamate dysfunction has been associated with an extensive range of nervous system diseases and disorders. Problems with how the neurotransmitter glutamate functions in the brain have been linked to a wide variety of disorders, including schizophrenia, Alzheimer's, substance abuse, and traumatic brain injury. These conditions are widespread, affecting a large portion of the United States population, and remain difficult to treat. Efforts to understand, treat, and prevent glutamate-related disorders can be aided by the identification of valid biomarkers. The Institute of Medicine's Forum on Neuroscience and Nervous System Disorders held a workshop on June 21-22, 2010, to explore ways to accelerate the development, validation, and implementation of such biomarkers. This book investigates promising current and emerging technologies, and outlines strategies to procure resources and tools to advance drug development for associated nervous system disorders. Moreover, this report highlights presentations by expert panelists, and the open panel discussions that occurred during the workshop.

Neuropharmacology. --- Biochemical markers --- Drug development --- Nervous system --- Neuropharmacology --- Chemistry, Pharmaceutical --- Biological Markers --- Nervous System Diseases --- Investigative Techniques --- Nervous System --- Excitatory Amino Acids --- Pharmacology --- Amino Acids, Dicarboxylic --- Neurosciences --- Amino Acids, Acidic --- Biological Science Disciplines --- Anatomy --- Biological Factors --- Amino Acids --- Diseases --- Chemistry --- Health Occupations --- Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment --- Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins --- Natural Science Disciplines --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Chemicals and Drugs --- Biomarkers, Pharmacological --- Drug Discovery --- Glutamic Acid --- Central Nervous System Diseases --- Central Nervous System --- Human Anatomy & Physiology --- Medicine --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Animal Biochemistry --- Medical Research --- Glutamic acid --- Central nervous system --- Pharmacokinetics. --- Diseases.

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Mental illness -- Treatment -- Africa, Sub-Saharan. --- Nervous system -- Diseases -- Treatment -- Africa, Sub-Saharan. --- Substance abuse -- Treatment -- Africa, Sub-Saharan. --- Mental illness --- Nervous system --- Substance abuse --- Professional Competence --- Health Services Needs and Demand --- Diseases --- Health Care Quality, Access, and Evaluation --- Health Services Administration --- Regional Health Planning --- Psychiatry and Psychology --- Health Care --- Delivery of Health Care --- Educational Measurement --- Health Planning --- Education --- Health Care Economics and Organizations --- Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena --- Clinical Competence --- Medically Underserved Area --- Substance-Related Disorders --- Nervous System Diseases --- Mental Disorders --- Quality of Health Care --- Public Health --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Mental Illness Prevention --- Treatment