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This book provides an overview of the cumulative work on a driving force for innovation in medicine and modern healthcare, boosting advances in therapeutics, biosensors, vaccines, and clinical systems. The work presented shows how nanoparticles have been investigated as vaccine adjuvants because they possess chemical and structural properties that improve immunogenicity as well as the use of nanotechnology in the construction of immunization systems that has developed into the field of viral nanovaccinology. The volume highlights potential areas of research, innovation, and development of finished products for future commercialization and significant research exploration through nanoparticles that prove capable of surmounting most of the barriers like toxicity issues, clearance from biological system, DNA instability, and differences in expression systems. The contributing authors review the primary literature on principles, limitations, and recent breakthroughs in nanoparticle-based antigen delivery vehicles, their use in different diseases, the major bottlenecks, and related issues. Highlighting advances in nanoparticle engineering and the understanding of nanoparticle characteristics as well as critical legacy work dome in the field of nanobiotechnology, the book is ideal for a range of researchers and students in the pure and applied sciences devoted to nanomaterials, vaccinology, and translational medicine. Explains unique trends of novel nanoparticles design, processing, and characterization for emerging nanovaccinology; Presents improvements of biosensors to prevent the need for multiple administrations of the vaccines; Discusses highly efficient and nontoxic vaccines to prevent virus infections.

Nanotechnology. --- Drug delivery systems. --- Nanobiotechnology. --- Virology. --- Nanomedicine. --- Drug Delivery. --- Nanomedicine and Nanotoxicology. --- Medicine --- Nanotechnology --- Microbiology --- Bionanotechnology --- Biotechnology --- Delivery systems, Drug --- Drug administration technology --- Drug delivery technology --- Drugs --- Pharmaceutical technology --- Molecular technology --- Nanoscale technology --- High technology --- Delivery systems

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This book presents a significant class of materials that has recently drawn increasing interest in applications of active devices and as a critical component in any structure that requires both electrical connectivity and optical transparency. Despite their technological importance and relatively long history of utilization, our understanding of the existing set of transparent conduction oxide (TCO) material is only now receiving the kind of combined fundamental/experimental material research attention that will inevitably lead to new material discoveries and novel applications. Overall, it is clear that transparent conducting films and transparent conductors are a vibrant field that is advancing rapidly across an ever-broadening spectrum of applications. We hope this book will provide a valuable reference for those interested in the topic and stimulate additional development of new TCO materials and their applications.

Transparency. --- Transparence --- Optics --- Light --- Transmission --- Condensed Matter Physics --- Physical Sciences --- Engineering and Technology --- Material Science --- Nanotechnology and Nanomaterials

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"Functional Materials Processing for Switchable Device Modulation focuses on the advances of nanofabrication that underpin emerging technologies, including electronic devices. The book provides readers with a broad view of the materials’ perspectives, including historical context and background, along with future opportunities for smart electronic and switchable devices. A major focus in the book is on the research and development of synthetic materials for spectroscopic analysis which broadly deals with science and technology of materials on the atomic and molecular scale. The book reviews the materials and advances in research for switchable electronics for bioelectronic, sensing and optoelectronic applications."--

Electrochromic devices --- Nanostructured materials --- Materials. --- Optical properties. --- Devices, Electrochromic --- Electrochromic displays --- Electrooptical devices --- Nanomaterials --- Nanometer materials --- Nanophase materials --- Nanostructure controlled materials --- Nanostructure materials --- Ultra-fine microstructure materials --- Microstructure --- Nanotechnology --- Spectrum Analysis --- Biosensing Techniques --- instrumentation --- Spectrum Analysis. --- instrumentation.

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"The book presents an overview of the use of nanotechnology to mitigate pathogens of concern and is the first book to discuss applications of nanotechnology in the fight against all three major domains of disease-causing pathogens: bacteria, viruses, and parasites"--

Nanostructured materials --- Nanostructures

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Wood-plastic composite (WPC) is a non-recyclable composite material lumber or timber made of recycled plastic and wood wastes which has become one of the most dynamic sectors of the plastics industry in this decade. It is used in numerous applications, such as, outdoor deck floors, railings, fences, landscaping timbers, park benches, window and door frames. This book starts with a brief glimpse at the basic structures and properties of WPCs. Aspects such as surface treatment, machinery used and testing types of WPCs are also covered. The following chapters of the book give a view of foam technology, flame retardant properties and colour retardant properties of WPCs. The way morphology affects or controls the physical and mechanical behaviours of the finished materials is discussed. Finally, the authors give an overview of the applications of wood-plastic composites in daily life. The book may serve as a source book for scientists wishing to work in this field.

Plastic -- Anatomy. --- Plastic-impregnated wood. --- Wood -- Anatomy. --- Wood-Plastic-Composite. --- Composite materials --- Plastic-impregnated wood --- Mechanical Engineering --- Chemical & Materials Engineering --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Industrial & Management Engineering --- Materials Science --- Composite materials. --- Wood, Plastic-impregnated --- Engineering. --- Industrial engineering. --- Structural materials. --- Materials science. --- Operating Procedures, Materials Treatment. --- Structural Materials. --- Ceramics, Glass, Composites, Natural Methods. --- Characterization and Evaluation of Materials. --- Wood --- Composites (Materials) --- Multiphase materials --- Reinforced solids --- Solids, Reinforced --- Two phase materials --- Materials --- Preservation --- Manufactures. --- Materials. --- Surfaces (Physics). --- Manufacturing, Machines, Tools, Processes. --- Ceramics, Glass, Composites, Natural Materials. --- Physics --- Surface chemistry --- Surfaces (Technology) --- Engineering --- Engineering materials --- Industrial materials --- Engineering design --- Manufacturing processes --- Manufactured goods --- Manufactured products --- Products --- Products, Manufactured --- Commercial products --- Manufacturing industries --- Ceramics. --- Glass. --- Composites (Materials). --- Material science --- Physical sciences --- Amorphous substances --- Ceramics --- Glazing --- Ceramic technology --- Industrial ceramics --- Keramics --- Building materials --- Chemistry, Technical --- Clay --- Architectural materials --- Architecture --- Building --- Building supplies --- Buildings --- Construction materials --- Structural materials