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The authors analyse the reasons underlying the resurgence of communalism in the 2000s in Uttar Pradesh (UP) leading to riots in Mau in 2005, Gorakhpur in 2007, and Muzaffarnagar in 2013, but more importantly move beyond riots to analyse the new ways and means whereby communalism in the present phase is being manufactured by the Hindu right. They argue that UP is experiencing a post-Ayodhya phase of communalism markedly different from the late 1980s/early 1990s. The text employs a model of institutionalized everyday communalism whose defining feature is that rather than initiating major, state-wide riots, the strategy of the BJP-RSS currently is to create and sustain constant, low-key communal tension together with frequent, small, low-intensity incidents out of petty everyday issues that institutionalize communalism at the grassroots.

Communalism --- Riots --- Hinduism and politics --- Muslims --- Hindutva --- Political activity --- Uttar Pradesh (India) --- Ethnic relations --- Political aspects. --- Hindu nationalism --- Hinduism and state --- Nationalism --- Mohammedans --- Moors (People) --- Moslems --- Muhammadans --- Musalmans --- Mussalmans --- Mussulmans --- Mussulmen --- Religious adherents --- Islam --- Hinduism --- Politics and Hinduism --- Political science --- Civil disorders --- Assembly, Right of --- History --- Offenses against public safety --- Political violence --- Crowds --- Demonstrations --- Mobs --- Street fighting (Military science) --- Ethnocentrism --- Political aspects --- U.P. --- UP --- State of Uttar Pradesh (India) --- Uttara Pradeśa (India) --- Уттар-Прадеш (India) --- United Provinces of Agra and Oudh (India)

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The book presents debates around the concept of representation and how these ideas apply to representation for selected disadvantaged groups in India. It discusses empirical concerns and examines political representation of these disadvantaged groups in post-independence India. The experience of political representation of SCs, STs: the method of election, role of political parties in providing representation, role played by these groups in parliamentary institutions, and the extent of their participation. A second, significant area the volume attempts to cover is representation of the Muslim minority in parliament and state assemblies and understanding the reasons for their under-representation since independence, and more particularly in recent years. Dr Sudha Pai retired as Professor from the Centre for Political Studies and as Rector (Pro-Vice Chancellor) of the Jawaharlal Nehru University in January 2016. She was SeniorFellow at the Nehru Memorial Museum and Library, New Delhi from 2006 to 2009 and National Fellow of the ICSSR from 2015-2017. Dr Pai was awarded the 2019 Exemplar Award for Outstanding Academic Achievement by the South Asian Studies Association, USA at the South Asian Studies Association Conference at Claremont College Mckenna, Los Angeles, in 2019. Dr Sukhadeo Thorat is Chairman, Indian Council of Social Science Research (ICSSR); former Chairman of University Grants Commission (UGC); and Professor of Economics, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi. He has a BA (Milind College of Arts, Aurangabad, Maharashtra), MA in Economics (Dr Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad), MPhil/PhD in Economics (Jawaharlal Nehru University) and Diploma in Economic Planning (Main School of Planning, Warsaw, Poland). His research areas include agricultural development, rural poverty, institution and economic growth, problems of marginalised groups, economics of caste system, caste discrimination and poverty. He was the Director of the Indian Institute of Dalit Studies, New Delhi from 2003 to 2006 and the Research Associate of International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington DC, USA, since 1992. In 2008 he was awarded the Padmashree in the field of literature and education.

Sociology of the family. Sociology of sexuality --- Political sociology --- International relations. Foreign policy --- Politics --- Economic order --- Economic policy and planning (general) --- Economic conditions. Economic development --- Development aid. Development cooperation --- Human rights --- internationale politiek --- ontwikkelingsbeleid --- mensenrechten --- politiek --- ontwikkelingssamenwerking --- gender --- economische ontwikkelingen --- ontwikkelingspolitiek --- Asia --- Identity politics. --- Human rights. --- Economic development. --- Asian Politics. --- Identity Politics. --- Politics and Human Rights. --- Politics and Gender. --- Development Studies. --- Politics and government.

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Dalits in the New Millennium interrogates the major aspects of Dalit experience in multiple spheres and traces how Dalit politics is no longer merely content with desire for social justice but has become more assertive and aspirational in its demands. The volume represents the individual voices of the editors and contributors, who are eminent academics and activists, and situates Dalit life amidst all the major changes that have occurred over the last three decades. It aims to provide a more holistic approach to studying the community's socio-economic and political life in the new millennium and adds to the existing literature on Dalit politics, focusing especially on the changes that are taking place in the realm of electoral politics, popular culture, political economy, ideological worldview, and representation, among others.

Dalits --- History --- Political activity --- Social conditions --- Economic conditions --- India --- Depressed classes (South Asia) --- Harijans --- Scheduled castes (India) --- Untouchables --- Caste --- Ethnology

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Political parties --- India --- Politics and government