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Membrane computing is a branch of natural computing which investigates computing models abstracted from the structure and functioning of living cells and from their interactions in tissues or higher-order biological structures. The models considered, called membrane systems (P systems), are parallel, distributed computing models, processing multisets of symbols in cell-like compartmental architectures. In many applications membrane systems have considerable advantages – among these are their inherently discrete nature, parallelism, transparency, scalability and nondeterminism. In dedicated chapters, leading experts explain most of the applications of membrane computing reported so far, in biology, computer science, computer graphics and linguistics. The book also contains detailed reviews of the software tools used to simulate P systems.

Molecular computers. --- Biologically-inspired computing. --- Biologically-inspired computing --- Bio-inspired computing --- Natural computing --- Bionics --- Electronic data processing --- DNA-based computers --- DNA computers --- Biocomputers --- Natural computation

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Membrane Computing was introduced as a computational paradigm in Natural Computing. The models introduced, called Membrane (or P) Systems, provide a coherent platform to describe and study living cells as computational systems. Membrane Systems have been investigated for their computational aspects and employed to model problems in other fields, like: Computer Science, Linguistics, Biology, Economy, Computer Graphics, Robotics, etc. Their inherent parallelism, heterogeneity and intrinsic versatility allow them to model a broad range of processes and phenomena, being also an efficient means to solve and analyze problems in a novel way. Membrane Computing has been used to model biological systems, becoming with time a thorough modeling paradigm comparable, in its modeling and predicting capabilities, to more established models in this area. This book is the result of the need to collect, in an organic way, different facets of this paradigm. The chapters of this book, together with the web pages accompanying them, present different applications of Membrane Systems to Biology. Deterministic, non-deterministic and stochastic systems paired with different algorithms and methodologies show the full potential of this framework.  The book is addressed to researchers interested in applications of discrete biological models and the interplay between Membrane Systems and other approaches to analyze complex systems.  .

Biology --- Molecular computers. --- Computer science. --- Data processing. --- Informatics --- DNA-based computers --- DNA computers --- Engineering. --- Artificial intelligence. --- Computational intelligence. --- Complexity, Computational. --- Computational Intelligence. --- Artificial Intelligence (incl. Robotics). --- Complexity. --- Complexity, Computational --- Electronic data processing --- Machine theory --- Intelligence, Computational --- Artificial intelligence --- AI (Artificial intelligence) --- Artificial thinking --- Electronic brains --- Intellectronics --- Intelligence, Artificial --- Intelligent machines --- Machine intelligence --- Thinking, Artificial --- Bionics --- Cognitive science --- Digital computer simulation --- Logic machines --- Self-organizing systems --- Simulation methods --- Fifth generation computers --- Neural computers --- Construction --- Industrial arts --- Technology --- Soft computing --- Science --- Biocomputers --- Natural computation --- Artificial Intelligence. --- Computational complexity. --- Membranes (Biology) --- Synthetic biology. --- Mechanical properties.

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Mathematical logic --- Histology. Cytology --- Biology --- Computer science --- Information systems --- Artificial intelligence. Robotics. Simulation. Graphics --- Computer. Automation --- toegepaste informatica --- vormgeving --- biologie --- informatica --- cytologie --- simulaties --- histologie --- wiskunde --- KI (kunstmatige intelligentie) --- logica --- AI (artificiële intelligentie)

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This book constitutes the proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Bio-inspired Computing: Theories and Applications, BIC-TA 2014, held in Wuhan, China, in October 2014. The 109 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 204 submissions. The papers focus on four main topics, namely evolutionary computing, neural computing, DNA computing, and membrane computing.

Computer science --- Artificial intelligence. Robotics. Simulation. Graphics --- vormgeving --- computers --- mineralen (chemie) --- simulaties --- mijnbouw --- KI (kunstmatige intelligentie) --- computerkunde --- AI (artificiële intelligentie)

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This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-workshop proceedings of the 10th International Workshop on Membrane Computing, WMC 2009, held in Curtea de Arges, Romania, during August 24 to 27, 2009 under the auspices of the European Molecular Computing Consortium (EMCC) and the Molecular Computing Task Force of IEEE Computational Intelligence Society. The 22 revised full papers presented together with 10 invited papers went through two rounds of reviewing and improvement. The papers in this volume cover all the main directions of research in membrane computing, ranging from theoretical topics in mathematics and computer science to application issues; the invited lectures present fundamental contributions to membrane computing; thus highlighting important directions of current research in this area.

Molecular computers --- Computer Science --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Biologically-inspired computing --- Bio-inspired computing --- Natural computing --- Computer science. --- Computers. --- Mathematical logic. --- Computer simulation. --- Bioinformatics. --- Computer Science. --- Computation by Abstract Devices. --- Mathematical Logic and Formal Languages. --- Simulation and Modeling. --- Computational Biology/Bioinformatics. --- Bio-informatics --- Biological informatics --- Biology --- Information science --- Computational biology --- Systems biology --- Computer modeling --- Computer models --- Modeling, Computer --- Models, Computer --- Simulation, Computer --- Electromechanical analogies --- Mathematical models --- Simulation methods --- Model-integrated computing --- Algebra of logic --- Logic, Universal --- Mathematical logic --- Symbolic and mathematical logic --- Symbolic logic --- Mathematics --- Algebra, Abstract --- Metamathematics --- Set theory --- Syllogism --- Automatic computers --- Automatic data processors --- Computer hardware --- Computing machines (Computers) --- Electronic brains --- Electronic calculating-machines --- Electronic computers --- Hardware, Computer --- Computer systems --- Cybernetics --- Machine theory --- Calculators --- Cyberspace --- Informatics --- Science --- Data processing --- Bionics --- Electronic data processing --- Machine theory. --- Theory of Computation. --- Formal Languages and Automata Theory. --- Computer Modelling. --- Computational and Systems Biology. --- Abstract automata --- Abstract machines --- Automata --- Mathematical machine theory --- Algorithms --- Logic, Symbolic and mathematical --- Recursive functions --- Robotics